Biology Unit 10 - Classification and Taxonomy

Questions and Answers

What is classification?

The grouping of items (living or non-living) based on similarity.

Describe Aristotle's classification system.

Developed the 1st widely accepted system, classifying organisms as either animals or plants based on characteristics such as habitat and morphology, without accounting for evolutionary relationships.

Describe Linnaeus' system of classification.

Based on observational studies of morphology and behavior, it introduced binomial nomenclature.

What is taxonomy?

The discipline of biology concerned with identifying and classifying species based on natural relationships. Signup and view all the answers

What is systematics?

The study of biological diversity with an emphasis on evolutionary history. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the formation of binomial nomenclature.

The first part is the genus name and the second part is the specific name identifying the species, using Latin as the basis. Signup and view all the answers

In binomial nomenclature, the genus name is always __________.

capitalized Signup and view all the answers

In binomial nomenclature, the species name is always __________.

lowercase Signup and view all the answers

What are the categories of classification?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. Signup and view all the answers

What is the acronym to remember the order of classification?

Dumb King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup. Signup and view all the answers

When and why was domain added to the order of classification?

Added in 1990 based on research showing that ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequences fell into 3 groups. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 domain groups?

Domain Bacteria, Domain Archaea, Domain Eukarya. Signup and view all the answers

Describe Kingdom Archaebacteria.

Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms without peptidoglycan in their cell wall; can be autotrophic or heterotrophic, and considered ancient. Signup and view all the answers

Describe Kingdom Eubacteria.

Prokaryotic unicellular organisms with peptidoglycan in their cell walls; mostly heterotrophic, some autotrophic, and include common bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

Describe Kingdom Fungi.

Eukaryotic and mostly multicellular organisms with chitin in their cell walls; all are heterotrophic and gain nutrients through absorption. Signup and view all the answers

Describe Kingdom Protista.

Eukaryotic organisms, mostly unicellular, which may have cell walls and chloroplasts; can be autotrophic or heterotrophic. Signup and view all the answers

Describe Kingdom Plantae.

Eukaryotic, multicellular organisms with cell walls made of cellulose and chloroplasts, all are autotrophic. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification

Grouping of items based on similarities, applicable to living and non-living entities.

Aristotle's Classification System

Developed over two thousand years ago, it was the first widely accepted classification framework.
Classified organisms as either plants or animals.
Animals categorized by presence or absence of red blood, habitat, and morphology.
Plants divided into trees, shrubs, or herbs based on size and structure.
Failed to consider evolutionary relationships.

Linnaeus' System of Classification

Based on observation of organism morphology and behavior.
Established the first formal taxonomy system.
Introduced binomial nomenclature as a naming convention.

Taxonomy

A biological discipline focused on identifying and classifying species based on their natural relationships.
A component of systematics.

Systematics

The study of biological diversity with a particular focus on evolutionary history.

Binomial Nomenclature Formation

Consists of two parts: the genus name and a specific name.
Latin is used as the language for binomial nomenclature due to its stability.

Writing Binomial Nomenclature

Genus name is capitalized; species name is in lowercase.
Typed names should be italicized; handwritten names require underlining.

Categories of Classification

Domain: Broadest category.
Kingdom: Groups of related phyla.
Phylum: Groups of related classes.
Class: Groups related orders.
Order: Groups of related families.
Family: Groups of related genera.
Genus: Groups of related species.
Species: Smallest, most specific category where organisms can interbreed.

Acronym for Classification Order

"Dumb King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup" for remembering classification categories.

Addition of Domain

Introduced in 1990 based on research distinguishing three groups of organisms via ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequences.

Three Domains

Domain Bacteria: Includes Eubacteria.
Domain Archaea: Contains all prokaryotes known as archaebacteria.
Domain Eukarya: Encompasses all eukaryotic kingdoms—Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Prokaryotic organisms with cell walls lacking peptidoglycan.
Unicellular and can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Considered ancient, often found in extreme environments like high temperatures or salinity.

Kingdom Eubacteria

Prokaryotic, possessing peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Primarily unicellular and mostly heterotrophic, some are autotrophic.
Ubiquitous bacteria that play key roles as decomposers; includes pathogenic species.

Kingdom Fungi

Eukaryotic organisms with chitin in cell walls and without chloroplasts.
Mostly multicellular, exceptions include unicellular yeasts.
All fungi are heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients through absorption.

Kingdom Protista

Eukaryotic organisms with variable characteristics, potentially having cell walls and chloroplasts.
Mostly unicellular, occasionally multicellular; can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Known as the "catch-all" kingdom due to its diverse and varied organism types, including amoebas and algae.

Kingdom Plantae

Eukaryotic organisms with cellulose cell walls and chloroplasts.
Exclusively multicellular and entirely autotrophic.
Most have specialized organs and systems, exhibiting non-motile characteristics.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to classification and taxonomy in biology, focusing on Aristotle's early classification system and the importance of grouping organisms. Explore the distinctions between animals and plants as well as definitions related to classification.