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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic of life refers to the ability of living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment?
Which characteristic of life refers to the ability of living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment?
What is the primary method by which compounds form?
What is the primary method by which compounds form?
Which statement best describes an ion?
Which statement best describes an ion?
What is the significance of Van Der Waals forces in molecular interactions?
What is the significance of Van Der Waals forces in molecular interactions?
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In the context of water molecules, which of the following best illustrates cohesion?
In the context of water molecules, which of the following best illustrates cohesion?
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What is the primary reason a paperclip can stay on water without sinking?
What is the primary reason a paperclip can stay on water without sinking?
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Which of the following correctly describes an endothermic reaction?
Which of the following correctly describes an endothermic reaction?
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Which element is NOT one of the six main elements that make up all living organisms?
Which element is NOT one of the six main elements that make up all living organisms?
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What is the result of enzyme denaturation due to changes in temperature?
What is the result of enzyme denaturation due to changes in temperature?
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What is the role of polymerization in macromolecule synthesis?
What is the role of polymerization in macromolecule synthesis?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Biology
- Seven characteristics of life include:
- Cellular organization: Living organisms consist of one or more cells.
- Reproduction: Ability to produce new individuals of the same species.
- Metabolism: Chemical processes that sustain life.
- Homeostasis: Maintenance of a stable internal environment.
- Heredity: Transmission of genetic material to offspring.
- Response to stimuli: Detection and reaction to environmental changes.
- Growth and development: Organisms increase in size and undergo development over time.
Scientific Method
- Steps include:
- Identifying a problem.
- Formulating a hypothesis.
- Identifying variables.
- Testing the hypothesis.
- Collecting data.
- Analyzing data.
Types of Data
- Quantitative: Numerical data that can be measured.
- Qualitative: Descriptive data that can be observed.
Analyzing Data
- Common methods: Bar and line graphs.
Biochemistry
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Subatomic particles:
- Protons: Positive charge, located in the nucleus.
- Neutrons: No charge, located in the nucleus.
- Electrons: Negative charge, found around the nucleus.
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Isotopes can become radioactive when their nuclei fail to hold subatomic particles, leading to decay.
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Compounds form through interactions of valence electrons between two or more elements.
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Ions:
- Charged elements.
- Gaining an electron results in a negative charge.
- Losing an electron results in a positive charge.
Forces and Bonds
- Van der Waals forces: Weak electrostatic attractions easily broken.
- Hydrogen bonds occur when oxygen and hydrogen atoms of different water molecules attract each other.
Cohesion and Adhesion
- Cohesion: Rain droplets merge due to attractive forces.
- Adhesion: Rain on a car windshield illustrates how water sticks to surfaces.
Surface Tension
- Property allowing objects like a paper clip to float on water due to strong hydrogen bonds creating a thin film.
Capillary Action
- Occurs when liquid moves upward due to attractive forces between liquid molecules and solid surfaces (e.g., water climbing a tube/paper towel).
Essential Elements for Life
- Six main elements: Sulfur, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen (SPONCH).
Carbon's Unique Structure
- Carbon has four valence electrons enabling it to form stable bonds with four different atoms.
Polymer Formation
- Monomers combine through polymerization, forming larger molecules called polymers.
Chemical Reactions
- In chemical equations, reactants are substances transformed in the reaction, while products are resulting substances (e.g., 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2).
Endothermic vs. Exothermic
- Endothermic reactions absorb heat; exothermic reactions release heat.
- Graphically, endothermic reactions show heat absorption, while exothermic reactions illustrate energy release.
Function of Enzymes
- Enzymes act as natural catalysts speeding up chemical reactions by binding substrates at their active sites.
Enzyme Influencing Factors
- pH levels: Changes can denature enzymes.
- Temperature: Extreme deviations can also denature enzymes.
Acids, Bases, and Neutral Substances
- Acids: Excess of H+ ions.
- Bases: Excess of OH- ions.
- Neutral: Equal concentrations of H+ and OH- ions.
Macromolecule Metabolism
- Dehydration synthesis: A reaction that joins molecules by removing water.
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Description
This quiz covers the vital concepts introduced in Unit 1 of Biology, focusing on the seven characteristics of life. Understand how cellular organization, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, and response to stimuli define living organisms. Prepare to master these foundational concepts essential for your biological studies.
