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Questions and Answers
What are the two main types of metabolic processes?
What are the two main types of metabolic processes?
Anabolism and catabolism.
How do enzymes influence metabolic activities?
How do enzymes influence metabolic activities?
Enzymes regulate and facilitate metabolic reactions.
What role do plasma membranes play in metabolism?
What role do plasma membranes play in metabolism?
Plasma membranes allow for the transport of essential molecules into cells.
Why is photosynthesis essential for plants?
Why is photosynthesis essential for plants?
What effects do plants have on the ecosystem?
What effects do plants have on the ecosystem?
What is homeostasis and why is it important?
What is homeostasis and why is it important?
Describe the two phases of photosynthesis.
Describe the two phases of photosynthesis.
What responsibilities do humans have towards plants?
What responsibilities do humans have towards plants?
What is the role of cells in living organisms?
What is the role of cells in living organisms?
What organism was artificially created by Cambridge researchers through genetic engineering?
What organism was artificially created by Cambridge researchers through genetic engineering?
List the main types of biomolecules and provide one example for each.
List the main types of biomolecules and provide one example for each.
Define metabolism and provide two examples.
Define metabolism and provide two examples.
What are the two types of metabolism, and how do they differ?
What are the two types of metabolism, and how do they differ?
What role do enzymes and hormones play in metabolism?
What role do enzymes and hormones play in metabolism?
Name two examples of metabolic enzymes and their functions.
Name two examples of metabolic enzymes and their functions.
What are the functions of hormones like testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone?
What are the functions of hormones like testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone?
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Study Notes
Life Processes Overview
- Vital metabolic processes occur in cells, essential for sustaining life.
- Metabolism encompasses both anabolic (building) and catabolic (breaking down) processes.
- Homeostasis is crucial for metabolism, maintaining stability within organisms.
Metabolism
- Enzymes, hormones, and biomolecules regulate and facilitate metabolic activities.
- Anabolism includes synthesis of complex molecules (e.g., glucose from CO2 and water).
- Catabolism involves breakdown of molecules to release energy (e.g., amino acids from proteins).
Roles of Biomolecules
- Biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids vital for life processes.
- Common examples include:
- Carbohydrates: Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Starch, Cellulose.
- Lipids: Fats, Oils.
- Proteins: Enzymes (e.g., Salivary amylase, Pepsin), Hormones (e.g., Testosterone, Estrogen).
- Nucleic Acids: DNA, RNA.
Metabolic Enzymes and Hormones
- Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions in the body.
- Hormones coordinate and regulate bodily functions, impacting growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Photosynthesis
- Plants conduct photosynthesis in chloroplasts, comprising two phases:
- Light phase: Anabolic processes converting light energy into chemical energy.
- Dark phase: Catabolic processes that utilize the produced energy.
- Essential biomolecules required for plant metabolism are synthesized through this process.
Importance of Plants
- Plants provide oxygen and nutrients and are crucial for maintaining ecological balance.
- They help combat global warming, prevent natural disasters, and preserve biodiversity.
- Conservation of plants is essential for safeguarding the biosphere.
Signs of Life
- Living organisms display signs including movement, response to stimuli, respiration, growth, and reproduction.
- Cells serve as structural and functional units of life.
Genetic Engineering
- Cambridge researchers artificially created E. coli type bacteria through genetic engineering techniques.
Endocrine System
- Endocrine glands are responsible for hormone secretion, influencing various metabolic activities.
Key Terminology
- Homeostasis: Stable internal environment within organisms.
- Biomolecules: Basic building blocks necessary for structure and life functions.
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