Biology: Understanding Tissues and Plant Roots

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of cutting the root tips of the onion bulb in jar 2 by about 1 cm on day 4?

To study the effect of injury on apical meristem (correct)

To observe the effect of pruning on root growth

To stimulate the growth of lateral meristem

To measure the length of roots more accurately

Which type of meristem is responsible for increasing the girth of the stem or root?

Intercalary meristem

Meristematic tissue

Lateral meristem (correct)

Apical meristem

What is the characteristic of cells in meristematic tissue?

They have dense cytoplasm and thin cellulose walls (correct)

They are inactive and have dense cell walls

They have large vacuoles and thin cell walls

They are highly specialized and have thick cell walls

What is the location of intercalary meristem in some plants?

Near the node Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring the length of roots in both jars on day 1, 2, and 3?

To observe the growth of roots in the absence of injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of apical meristem?

To increase the length of the stem and root Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the experiment shown in Fig. 6.1?

To study the growth of roots in onion bulbs Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of meristematic tissue?

It is very active and has dense cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of voluntary muscles?

They can be moved by conscious will Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of muscles has a single nucleus?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendrites in nervous tissue?

To receive stimuli from other cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of striated muscles?

They are voluntary and have multiple nuclei Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is found in the heart?

Cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of nervous tissue?

To respond to and transmit stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cardiac muscle?

It is found in the heart and has a single nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is responsible for transmitting stimuli?

Nervous tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of sclerenchyma tissue in plants?

To make the plant hard and stiff Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the walls of sclerenchyma cells?

Thick and lignified Signup and view all the answers

In which parts of the plant is sclerenchyma tissue commonly found?

In the stems, around vascular bundles, and in the veins of leaves Signup and view all the answers

What is the status of sclerenchyma cells?

Dead and non-functional Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component responsible for the thickening of sclerenchyma cell walls?

Lignin Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of sclerenchyma cells?

Long and narrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the thickening of sclerenchyma cell walls?

No internal space inside the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a structure that contains sclerenchyma tissue?

Husk of a coconut Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of tendons in terms of strength and flexibility?

Great strength but limited flexibility Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cartilage in joints?

To smooth bone surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the solid matrix of cartilage?

Proteins and sugars Signup and view all the answers

Where is areolar connective tissue found?

Between the skin and muscles, around blood vessels and nerves, and in the bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of areolar connective tissue?

To fill the space inside organs and support internal organs Signup and view all the answers

Where is fat-storing adipose tissue found?

Below the skin and between internal organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between tendons and cartilage?

Tendons are stiff while cartilage is flexible Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about cartilage compared to bones?

Cartilage can be bent but bones cannot Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of meristematic tissue in plants?

To produce new cells for growth and development Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the newly produced cells by meristem as they grow and mature?

They slowly change and become differentiated as components of other tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the regions of a plant where growth occurs?

Specific regions Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue is responsible for the growth of roots?

Meristematic tissue Signup and view all the answers

Where is the meristematic tissue located in a plant?

At specific points, including apical, lateral, and intercalary regions Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to the roots if the meristematic tissue at the tips was removed?

The roots would stop growing Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of cell differentiation in plants?

Cell specialization Signup and view all the answers

Why do plants have meristematic tissue?

To allow for growth and development throughout their lifetime Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant Tissues

Plant growth occurs only in specific regions where meristematic tissue is located.
Meristematic tissue is classified into apical, lateral, and intercalary tissue based on the region where it is present.
Apical meristem is present at the growing tips of stems and roots, increasing the length of the stem and root.
Lateral meristem (cambium) increases the girth of the stem or root.
Intercalary meristem is located near the node in some plants.

Characteristics of Meristematic Tissue

Cells are very active with dense cytoplasm and thin cellulose walls.
Very little intercellular space is present.

Types of Simple Tissues

Parenchyma: thin-walled cells with large vacuoles.
Collenchyma: cells with thick, irregular walls.
Sclerenchyma: dead cells with long, narrow shapes and thick, lignified walls.

Tissue Functions

Sclerenchyma tissue makes plants hard and stiff, found in stems, veins of leaves, and hard coverings of seeds and nuts.
Areolar connective tissue provides support to internal organs, fills spaces, and aids in tissue repair.

Muscle Tissues

Voluntary muscles are present in limbs and can be controlled by conscious will.
Types of muscle tissues:
- Striated muscle: has striations, multiple nuclei, and nuclei at the periphery.
- Smooth muscle: has no striations, single nucleus, and nucleus at the center.
- Cardiac muscle: has striations, single nucleus, and nucleus at the center.

Nervous Tissue

Highly specialized cells for being stimulated and transmitting stimuli rapidly.
Nervous cells have extensions called dendrites.

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Description

This quiz assesses your knowledge of biological tissues and their importance in multi-cellular organisms. It also questions your understanding of plant roots and their growth patterns.