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Questions and Answers
What is produced during alcohol fermentation?
What is produced during alcohol fermentation?
- Glucose
- Lactic acid
- Pyruvic acid
- Ethanol and carbon dioxide (correct)
What causes muscle fatigue after intense exercise?
What causes muscle fatigue after intense exercise?
- Excessive ATP production
- Insufficient carbon dioxide
- Lactic acid buildup (correct)
- Accumulation of glucose
Which type of respiration does not require oxygen?
Which type of respiration does not require oxygen?
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- Krebs cycle
- Alcohol fermentation (correct)
- Aerobic respiration
In which products is lactic acid fermentation commonly involved?
In which products is lactic acid fermentation commonly involved?
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What happens to lactic acid after its accumulation during exercise?
What happens to lactic acid after its accumulation during exercise?
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Why does bread rise during alcohol fermentation?
Why does bread rise during alcohol fermentation?
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What is the net ATP yield of lactic acid fermentation?
What is the net ATP yield of lactic acid fermentation?
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What is the primary reason for continuing to breathe heavily after intense exercise?
What is the primary reason for continuing to breathe heavily after intense exercise?
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Study Notes
Types of Respiration
- Two main types of cellular respiration: aerobic and anaerobic.
Anaerobic Respiration
- Occurs in the absence of oxygen; cannot complete aerobic respiration.
- Takes place in the cytoplasm.
Alcohol Fermentation
- Involves yeast as the primary producer.
- Process: glucose → ATP + CO2 + alcohol.
- Key products: used in making beer, wine, and bread.
- CO2 produced helps bread rise; alcohol burns off during baking.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
- Conducted by bacteria and animal muscles under oxygen-depleted conditions.
- Process: glucose → ATP + lactic acid.
- Applications: used to produce yogurt and certain cheeses.
- Muscle fatigue occurs due to lactic acid buildup during strenuous exercise.
Energy Production and Effects
- Lactic acid fermentation provides a net gain of 2 ATP.
- Ideal for short bursts of anaerobic exercise when oxygen is scarce.
- Lactic acid accumulation leads to cramps and soreness in muscles; increases blood flow can alleviate this.
Recovery and Oxygen Debt
- Lactic acid must be transported to the liver for conversion back into glucose.
- After intense activity, breathing heavily helps restore ATP levels to convert lactic acid.
- Oxygen debt is crucial during the "Fight or Flight" response in animals.
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