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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of mast cells?
What is the main function of mast cells?
Which type of cell is responsible for carrying melanin pigment?
Which type of cell is responsible for carrying melanin pigment?
What is the origin of free macrophages?
What is the origin of free macrophages?
What is the characteristic of the cytoplasm of mast cells?
What is the characteristic of the cytoplasm of mast cells?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of leucocyte?
Which of the following is NOT a type of leucocyte?
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What is the function of leucocytes in cases of infection?
What is the function of leucocytes in cases of infection?
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What is the characteristic of the nucleus of free macrophages?
What is the characteristic of the nucleus of free macrophages?
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What is the main function of pigment cells?
What is the main function of pigment cells?
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What is the origin of connective tissue?
What is the origin of connective tissue?
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What is the function of the connective tissue ground substance?
What is the function of the connective tissue ground substance?
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Which type of collagen is found in cartilage?
Which type of collagen is found in cartilage?
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What is the characteristic of yellow elastic fibers?
What is the characteristic of yellow elastic fibers?
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What is the component of connective tissue that binds cells and fibers together?
What is the component of connective tissue that binds cells and fibers together?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of collagen?
Which of the following is NOT a type of collagen?
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What is the function of fibroblast cells in connective tissue?
What is the function of fibroblast cells in connective tissue?
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Which type of collagen is present in the basement membranes?
Which type of collagen is present in the basement membranes?
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Which type of cell is responsible for forming the reticular stroma of organs such as the spleen and lymph node?
Which type of cell is responsible for forming the reticular stroma of organs such as the spleen and lymph node?
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What is the function of fibroblasts in healing of wounds?
What is the function of fibroblasts in healing of wounds?
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Which type of cell is a short-lived, motile cell that enters the connective tissue from the blood?
Which type of cell is a short-lived, motile cell that enters the connective tissue from the blood?
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What is the name of the non-active, aged fibroblasts that have an acidophilic cytoplasm and dark nuclei?
What is the name of the non-active, aged fibroblasts that have an acidophilic cytoplasm and dark nuclei?
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Which type of cell can differentiate into other types of connective tissue cells?
Which type of cell can differentiate into other types of connective tissue cells?
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Which type of cell is a type of fixed cell in the connective tissue?
Which type of cell is a type of fixed cell in the connective tissue?
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What is the function of reticular cells when stimulated by antigens?
What is the function of reticular cells when stimulated by antigens?
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Which type of cell is a type of free cell in the connective tissue?
Which type of cell is a type of free cell in the connective tissue?
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Study Notes
Connective Tissue
- Connective tissue is mesodermal in origin.
- It supports, binds, and connects various tissues and organs together.
- It is formed of connective tissue cells, fibers, and ground substance (matrix).
- It is rich in blood vessels and nerves.
General Types of Connective Tissue
- Embryonic connective tissue:
- Mucous connective tissue
- Mesenchymal connective tissue
- Connective tissue proper:
- Loose areolar connective tissue
- Adipose connective tissue
- White collagenous connective tissue
- Yellow elastic connective tissue
- Reticular connective tissue
Mucous Connective Tissue
- Formed of mesenchymal cells, fine collagen fibers, and mucoid matrix.
- Matrix is soft, jelly-like, and rich in mucin.
Connective Tissue Cells
- Fixed cells:
- Fibroblasts
- Histocytes (fixed macrophages)
- Fat cells (adipocytes)
- Mesenchymal cells
- Pericytes
- Reticular cells
- Free cells:
- Free macrophages
- Plasma cells
- Mast cells
- Leucocytes
Fibroblasts
- Irregular or fusiform in shape.
- Basophilic cytoplasm rich in RER, Golgi complex, mitochondria, and secretory granules.
- Pale oval nucleus.
- Functions:
- Formation of connective tissue fibers and ground substance.
- Helps in healing of wounds.
Reticular Cells
- Star-shaped cell with long processes and central rounded nuclei.
- Functions:
- Form the reticular stroma (meshwork) of organs like spleen, lymph node, and thymus.
- Can change into phagocytic cells when stimulated by antigens.
Mesenchymal Cells
- Embryonic, undifferentiated cell.
- Pale basophilic cytoplasm with central oval nucleus and multiple cytoplasmic processes.
- Function: Can differentiate into other types of connective tissue cells.
Mast Cell
- Oval cell with basophilic granular cytoplasm and central rounded nucleus.
- Cytoplasmic granules rich in heparin and histamine, stain purple with methylene blue stain.
- Functions:
- Secretion of heparin (anticoagulant).
- Secretion of histamine (antiallergic).
Pigment Cell (Melanophore)
- Large cell with multiple processes and large nucleus.
- Cytoplasm rich in melanin granules called melanosomes.
- Seen in the dermis of the skin and can be stained with vital stains.
- Function: Carries melanin pigment.
Leucocytes
- Blood leucocytes that migrate from blood to connective tissue.
- Include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.
- Increase in cases of infection to phagocytose microorganisms.
Free Macrophages
- Originate from blood monocytes that migrate to connective tissue and change into free macrophages.
- Irregular surface with protrusions and indentations, and oval eccentric nuclei.
- Cytoplasm rich in lysosomes and multiple residual bodies.
- Function: Phagocytic cells that share in immune defense of the body.
Connective Tissue Fibers
- White collagen fibers:
- Appear white in fresh state.
- Formed of tropocollagen molecules.
- Types:
- Collagen type I: Found in tendon of muscle and bone.
- Collagen type II: Found in cartilage.
- Collagen type III: Forms reticular fibers.
- Collagen type IV: Present in basement membranes.
- Collagen type V: Found in fetal membranes, blood vessels, and around muscles.
- Yellow elastic fibers:
- Thin, branching, and slender fibers.
- Appear yellow in great amount.
- Formed of protein called elastin.
- Formed by fibroblast cell and smooth muscle cell.
- Reticular fibers:
- Fine, delicate fibers that form the stroma of glands like liver and salivary glands.
- Appear black with silver stain, red with PAS.
- Formed of collagen type III, proteoglycan, and glycoproteins.
- Formed by fibroblasts and smooth muscle.
- Function: Form the reticular meshwork of the stroma of organs.
Connective Tissue Matrix (Ground Substance)
- Jelly-like substance formed of acid mucopolysaccharides.
- Formed by fibroblast cells.
- Binds connective tissue cells and fibers together.
- Allows diffusion of tissue fluids, nutrients, and waste products between components and the tissues of the body.
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Description
Learn about the different types of connective tissue, including embryonic and connective tissue proper. Understand the functions and composition of connective tissue cells, fibers, and ground substance.
