Biology: Tumour Formation and Malignancy

Study Notes

Tumour Formation

When a tumour forms, cells divide uncontrollably and accumulate, leading to a mass of abnormal cells.

Identifying Malignant Tumours

Figure 1 suggests the lung tumour is malignant due to the presence of abnormal cell shapes, sizes, and nuclei.

Cancer Symptoms

Cancer can cause symptoms like tiredness, frequent infections, and uncontrollable bleeding due to the suppression of the immune system and destruction of healthy blood cells.

Blood Transfusions

The purpose of a blood transfusion is to transfer blood or blood products from a donor to a patient to replace blood lost due to surgery, injury, or disease.

Blood Group Compatibility

It is dangerous for a patient with blood group A to receive red blood cells from a donor with blood group B because the patient's immune system will react to the foreign antigens, leading to a severe reaction.

Universal Donors

Blood group O red blood cells can be given to patients with any blood group because they lack A and B antigens, reducing the risk of an immune response.

Blood Transfusion Risks

The risk with the lowest probability of occurring during blood transfusions is a viral transmission, such as HIV or hepatitis.

Description

This quiz focuses on understanding tumour formation and malignancy, with a specific emphasis on identifying evidence of malignancy in a given scenario. The questions prompt the test-taker to describe the cellular changes in tumour formation and analyze Figure 1 to identify malignant characteristics in a lung tumour.