Questions and Answers
What does tRNA stand for?
What is the primary function of a ribosome?
the site of protein synthesis
What is an anticodon?
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to the three bases of a codon of mRNA
What is a codon?
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What is a polypeptide chain?
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What is a peptide bond?
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What are amino acids?
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Study Notes
tRNA
- Stands for transfer RNA, crucial in the process of protein synthesis.
- Carries specific amino acids to ribosomes, where proteins are assembled.
- Has an anticodon region that pairs with the codon on mRNA to ensure correct amino acid delivery.
Ribosome
- A cell organelle made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.
- Functions as the site for protein synthesis, translating mRNA sequences into polypeptide chains.
- Exists in two subunits, large and small, that come together during protein synthesis.
Anticodon
- Consists of three nucleotide bases found on a tRNA molecule.
- Complementary to the mRNA codon, allowing precise pairing during translation.
- Plays a critical role in ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.
Codon
- A sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.
- Each codon corresponds to one amino acid, essential for the accurate translation of genetic information.
- There are 64 possible codons that code for 20 different amino acids.
Polypeptide Chain
- Comprised of a sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
- These chains fold into specific three-dimensional shapes, forming functional proteins.
- The length and composition of a polypeptide chain determine the structure and role of the protein.
Peptide Bond
- A covalent bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.
- Responsible for linking amino acids together to form polypeptides and proteins.
- The formation of peptide bonds occurs during the process of translation within ribosomes.
Amino Acid
- The fundamental building blocks of proteins, each possessing an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain.
- There are 20 different amino acids that combine in various sequences to create a vast array of proteins.
- Essential for numerous biological processes, including metabolism, cell signaling, and structural functions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key terms related to tRNA and its role in protein synthesis. This quiz covers important components such as ribosomes, anticodons, and codons. Perfect for students studying molecular biology or genetics.
