Biology: The Cell Cycle Flashcards

The reproduction of cells.

The life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two daughter cells.

The genetic material of an organism or virus.

<p>A cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule and associated protein molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One copy of the duplicated chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The region on each sister chromatid where they are most closely attached to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All body cells except the reproductive cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reproductive cells; sperm and egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A duplicated chromosome as two joined copies of the original chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The division of genetic material in the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The division of the cytoplasm; follows mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Includes mitosis and cytokinesis; usually the shortest part of the cell cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accounts for 90% of the cell cycle; can be divided into subphases G1, S, and G2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromatin fibers become more tightly coiled and condense into chromosomes observable by a light microscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear envelope fragments and chromosomes have become even more condensed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes convene at the metaphase plate, centromeres are aligned at the center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohesin proteins are cleaved allowing sister chromatids to part and move towards opposite ends of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two daughter nuclei form in the cell and the chromosomes become less condensed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consists of fibers made of microtubules and associated proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A subcellular region containing material that organizes the cell's microtubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A radial array of short microtubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structure made up of proteins that assemble on specific sections of chromosomal DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method of asexual reproduction by division in half.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A control point in the cell cycle where signals can regulate the cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A protein released by certain cells that stimulates other cells to divide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phenomenon that causes normal animal cells to stop dividing when they come into contact with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The requirement that a cell must be attached to a substratum in order to initiate cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In prokaryotes or unicellular eukaryotes, it acts as reproduction; in multicellular organisms, it enables growth, development, and tissue renewal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA is replicated during the S phase, which allows for cell division/mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replicated chromosomes have two identical DNA double helices, whereas unreplicated chromosomes have only a single DNA double helix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ploidy does not change during mitosis; daughter cells are the same as parent cells, diploids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary fission is a kind of asexual reproduction that divides into two daughter cells, similar to mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nondividing state occupied by cells that have left the cell cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cancer cells do not respond to signals that normally regulate the cell cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers