Biology Test Questions Flashcards

Questions and Answers

The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism is called what?

metabolism

In all organisms, DNA contains what kind of information?

genetic

Basically, the biological term for 'keeping things the same' is?

homeostasis

In what form of reproduction are offspring genetically the same as the parent organism?

asexual Signup and view all the answers

Most importantly, a hypothesis must be?

testable Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a theme that unifies biology?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Because water is a nonpolar molecule, it tends to cause ionic compounds mixed in water to dissociate into ions.

False Signup and view all the answers

Where are an atom's electrons found?

in orbitals around the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Biological catalysts are called?

enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Buffers prevent fluctuation in?

pH Signup and view all the answers

A molecule with a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other is called a(n)?

polar molecule Signup and view all the answers

If an atom has 6 electrons in its outer shell, it is likely to form?

2 covalent bonds Signup and view all the answers

If an atom involved in a REDOX reaction loses an electron, it is said to be?

oxidized Signup and view all the answers

Acid solutions have a pH that is where on the pH scale?

below 7 Signup and view all the answers

Which 3 elements are most often found in organic compounds? (Give symbols)

H, O, C Signup and view all the answers

Starch is a type of lipid.

False Signup and view all the answers

Amino acids are monomers of?

proteins Signup and view all the answers

Animals store glucose-containing fragments in the form of?

glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Glycerol is linked to 3 fatty acids to form a(n) by a process called _.

triglyceride; condensation Signup and view all the answers

The formation of polymers from monomers is an example of?

anabolism Signup and view all the answers

This organelle specific to plants is a rigid layer composed of a matrix of proteins and carbohydrates, including cellulose, providing support to the cell.

cell wall Signup and view all the answers

A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are the four basic parts of all cells?

nucleus/concentrated area of DNA, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

The cell is filled with jelly-like liquid called the___.

cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Mitochondria are unique because they contain their own DNA.

True Signup and view all the answers

The difference in concentration of molecules across a distance/membrane is called a?

concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

This term describes when substances cross a membrane without any input of energy from the cell.

passive diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Transport through vesicles is a type of?

active transport Signup and view all the answers

The simple diffusion of water is called what?

osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Because certain chemical characteristics do not allow ions to cross the cell membrane, they require?

ion channels Signup and view all the answers

Functions as an intercellular highway; contains ribosomes.

rough endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Functions as an intercellular highway; lacks ribosomes.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Hair-like structures that extend from the cell surface and aid in movement are called?

flagella Signup and view all the answers

Receives vesicles from the ER and modifies the contents of those vesicles.

golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

Responsible for microtubule organization during cell division.

centrioles Signup and view all the answers

Small organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP are called?

mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Small, spherical organelles that build protein are called?

ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Use light energy to make carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O.

chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

Electrons that leave photosystem II are replaced by electrons from an enzyme that_ in the _.

splits water; thylakoid Signup and view all the answers

Electrons that leave photosystem I are replaced by electrons from?

photosystem II Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when carbon is taken from the environment and incorporated into organic compounds?

carbon fixation Signup and view all the answers

Multiple thylakoids are organized into stacks or columns called?

grana Signup and view all the answers

The pigment chlorophyll a absorbs mostly which color light?

red Signup and view all the answers

Will increasing light intensity cause photosynthesis to decrease or increase?

increase Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of the diffusion of ions through ATP synthase?

chemiosmosis Signup and view all the answers

Pigments involved in photosynthesis are located in the?

thylakoid membrane Signup and view all the answers

What are the two stages of photosynthesis (respectively)?

light reactions; dark reactions Signup and view all the answers

Where do the light reactions take place?

thylakoid membrane Signup and view all the answers

Where do the dark reactions take place?

stroma Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Metabolism and DNA

Metabolism encompasses all chemical processes within an organism.
DNA carries genetic information fundamental to all life forms.

Homeostasis and Reproduction

Homeostasis refers to the biological concept of maintaining stable internal conditions.
Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

Hypotheses and Biological Themes

A valid hypothesis must be testable to be scientifically significant.
Homeostasis is not considered a unifying theme in biology, unlike interdependence, evolution, and diversity/unity of life.

Water and Atomic Structure

Water, being a polar molecule, does not dissociate ionic compounds into ions.
Electrons are located in orbitals surrounding an atom's nucleus.

Enzymes and Buffers

Enzymes function as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions.
Buffers help stabilize pH levels in biological systems.

Molecules and Chemical Bonds

Polar molecules have regions of partial positive and negative charge.
An atom with six electrons in its outer shell typically forms two covalent bonds.

Redox Reactions and pH Levels

Oxidation occurs when an atom loses an electron during REDOX reactions.
Acidic solutions have pH values below 7.

Organic Compounds and Amino Acids

Organic compounds commonly consist of hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and carbon (C).
Amino acids are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins.

Energy Storage

Animals store glucose as glycogen, a polysaccharide.

Lipids and Triglycerides

Triglycerides are formed from glycerol linked to three fatty acids via condensation.

Anabolism and Cell Structure

Anabolism involves forming polymers from monomers and requires energy.
The cell wall, specifically in plants, provides structural support and contains cellulose.

Cell Types and Components

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.
All cells consist of a nucleus (or DNA area), cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and ribosomes.
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance within the cell.
Mitochondria possess their own DNA.

Concentration Gradients and Transport Mechanisms

A concentration gradient describes the difference in molecule concentration across a space.
Passive diffusion involves substances crossing membranes without energy input.
Active transport occurs through vesicles, requiring energy.

Water and Ion Regulation

Osmosis is the passive diffusion of water.
Ion channels are necessary for ions that cannot cross the cell membrane due to their chemical nature.

Endoplasmic Reticulum and Organelles

The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions as an intercellular highway, containing ribosomes.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum also serves this function but lacks ribosomes.
Flagella are hair-like structures that assist with movement.

Golgi Apparatus and Centrioles

The Golgi apparatus modifies contents received from the ER.
Centrioles organize microtubules during cell division.

Energy Transfer and Ribosomes

Mitochondria transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP.
Ribosomes are small organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

Photosynthesis and Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts utilize light energy to convert CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates.
In photosynthesis, electrons leaving photosystem II are replaced by those from water via an enzyme.

Carbon Fixation and Thylakoids

Carbon fixation is the process of incorporating carbon from the environment into organic compounds.
Stacked thylakoids are referred to as grana.

Light Absorption and Photosynthesis Rate

Chlorophyll a predominantly absorbs red light.
Increased light intensity generally boosts the rate of photosynthesis.

Chemiosmosis and Photosynthetic Stages

Chemiosmosis describes ion diffusion through ATP synthase.
Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: light reactions and dark reactions.
Light reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane, while dark reactions occur in the stroma.

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Description

This quiz consists of flashcards that cover essential biology concepts such as metabolism, DNA information, homeostasis, and reproduction. Test your knowledge on these fundamental topics and reinforce your understanding of biological processes.