Podcast
Questions and Answers
The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism is called what?
The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism is called what?
metabolism
In all organisms, DNA contains what kind of information?
In all organisms, DNA contains what kind of information?
genetic
Basically, the biological term for 'keeping things the same' is?
Basically, the biological term for 'keeping things the same' is?
homeostasis
In what form of reproduction are offspring genetically the same as the parent organism?
In what form of reproduction are offspring genetically the same as the parent organism?
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Most importantly, a hypothesis must be?
Most importantly, a hypothesis must be?
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Which is not a theme that unifies biology?
Which is not a theme that unifies biology?
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Because water is a nonpolar molecule, it tends to cause ionic compounds mixed in water to dissociate into ions.
Because water is a nonpolar molecule, it tends to cause ionic compounds mixed in water to dissociate into ions.
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Where are an atom's electrons found?
Where are an atom's electrons found?
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Biological catalysts are called?
Biological catalysts are called?
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Buffers prevent fluctuation in?
Buffers prevent fluctuation in?
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A molecule with a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other is called a(n)?
A molecule with a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other is called a(n)?
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If an atom has 6 electrons in its outer shell, it is likely to form?
If an atom has 6 electrons in its outer shell, it is likely to form?
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If an atom involved in a REDOX reaction loses an electron, it is said to be?
If an atom involved in a REDOX reaction loses an electron, it is said to be?
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Acid solutions have a pH that is where on the pH scale?
Acid solutions have a pH that is where on the pH scale?
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Which 3 elements are most often found in organic compounds? (Give symbols)
Which 3 elements are most often found in organic compounds? (Give symbols)
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Starch is a type of lipid.
Starch is a type of lipid.
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Amino acids are monomers of?
Amino acids are monomers of?
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Animals store glucose-containing fragments in the form of?
Animals store glucose-containing fragments in the form of?
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Glycerol is linked to 3 fatty acids to form a(n) __ by a process called ___.
Glycerol is linked to 3 fatty acids to form a(n) __ by a process called ___.
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The formation of polymers from monomers is an example of?
The formation of polymers from monomers is an example of?
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This organelle specific to plants is a rigid layer composed of a matrix of proteins and carbohydrates, including cellulose, providing support to the cell.
This organelle specific to plants is a rigid layer composed of a matrix of proteins and carbohydrates, including cellulose, providing support to the cell.
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A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus.
A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus.
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What are the four basic parts of all cells?
What are the four basic parts of all cells?
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The cell is filled with jelly-like liquid called the___.
The cell is filled with jelly-like liquid called the___.
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Mitochondria are unique because they contain their own DNA.
Mitochondria are unique because they contain their own DNA.
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The difference in concentration of molecules across a distance/membrane is called a?
The difference in concentration of molecules across a distance/membrane is called a?
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This term describes when substances cross a membrane without any input of energy from the cell.
This term describes when substances cross a membrane without any input of energy from the cell.
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Transport through vesicles is a type of?
Transport through vesicles is a type of?
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The simple diffusion of water is called what?
The simple diffusion of water is called what?
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Because certain chemical characteristics do not allow ions to cross the cell membrane, they require?
Because certain chemical characteristics do not allow ions to cross the cell membrane, they require?
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Functions as an intercellular highway; contains ribosomes.
Functions as an intercellular highway; contains ribosomes.
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Functions as an intercellular highway; lacks ribosomes.
Functions as an intercellular highway; lacks ribosomes.
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Hair-like structures that extend from the cell surface and aid in movement are called?
Hair-like structures that extend from the cell surface and aid in movement are called?
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Receives vesicles from the ER and modifies the contents of those vesicles.
Receives vesicles from the ER and modifies the contents of those vesicles.
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Responsible for microtubule organization during cell division.
Responsible for microtubule organization during cell division.
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Small organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP are called?
Small organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP are called?
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Small, spherical organelles that build protein are called?
Small, spherical organelles that build protein are called?
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Use light energy to make carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O.
Use light energy to make carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O.
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Electrons that leave photosystem II are replaced by electrons from an enzyme that___ in the ___.
Electrons that leave photosystem II are replaced by electrons from an enzyme that___ in the ___.
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Electrons that leave photosystem I are replaced by electrons from?
Electrons that leave photosystem I are replaced by electrons from?
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What is the process called when carbon is taken from the environment and incorporated into organic compounds?
What is the process called when carbon is taken from the environment and incorporated into organic compounds?
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Multiple thylakoids are organized into stacks or columns called?
Multiple thylakoids are organized into stacks or columns called?
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The pigment chlorophyll a absorbs mostly which color light?
The pigment chlorophyll a absorbs mostly which color light?
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Will increasing light intensity cause photosynthesis to decrease or increase?
Will increasing light intensity cause photosynthesis to decrease or increase?
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What is the process of the diffusion of ions through ATP synthase?
What is the process of the diffusion of ions through ATP synthase?
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Pigments involved in photosynthesis are located in the?
Pigments involved in photosynthesis are located in the?
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What are the two stages of photosynthesis (respectively)?
What are the two stages of photosynthesis (respectively)?
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Where do the light reactions take place?
Where do the light reactions take place?
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Where do the dark reactions take place?
Where do the dark reactions take place?
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Study Notes
Metabolism and DNA
- Metabolism encompasses all chemical processes within an organism.
- DNA carries genetic information fundamental to all life forms.
Homeostasis and Reproduction
- Homeostasis refers to the biological concept of maintaining stable internal conditions.
- Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
Hypotheses and Biological Themes
- A valid hypothesis must be testable to be scientifically significant.
- Homeostasis is not considered a unifying theme in biology, unlike interdependence, evolution, and diversity/unity of life.
Water and Atomic Structure
- Water, being a polar molecule, does not dissociate ionic compounds into ions.
- Electrons are located in orbitals surrounding an atom's nucleus.
Enzymes and Buffers
- Enzymes function as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions.
- Buffers help stabilize pH levels in biological systems.
Molecules and Chemical Bonds
- Polar molecules have regions of partial positive and negative charge.
- An atom with six electrons in its outer shell typically forms two covalent bonds.
Redox Reactions and pH Levels
- Oxidation occurs when an atom loses an electron during REDOX reactions.
- Acidic solutions have pH values below 7.
Organic Compounds and Amino Acids
- Organic compounds commonly consist of hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and carbon (C).
- Amino acids are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins.
Energy Storage
- Animals store glucose as glycogen, a polysaccharide.
Lipids and Triglycerides
- Triglycerides are formed from glycerol linked to three fatty acids via condensation.
Anabolism and Cell Structure
- Anabolism involves forming polymers from monomers and requires energy.
- The cell wall, specifically in plants, provides structural support and contains cellulose.
Cell Types and Components
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.
- All cells consist of a nucleus (or DNA area), cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and ribosomes.
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance within the cell.
- Mitochondria possess their own DNA.
Concentration Gradients and Transport Mechanisms
- A concentration gradient describes the difference in molecule concentration across a space.
- Passive diffusion involves substances crossing membranes without energy input.
- Active transport occurs through vesicles, requiring energy.
Water and Ion Regulation
- Osmosis is the passive diffusion of water.
- Ion channels are necessary for ions that cannot cross the cell membrane due to their chemical nature.
Endoplasmic Reticulum and Organelles
- The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions as an intercellular highway, containing ribosomes.
- The smooth endoplasmic reticulum also serves this function but lacks ribosomes.
- Flagella are hair-like structures that assist with movement.
Golgi Apparatus and Centrioles
- The Golgi apparatus modifies contents received from the ER.
- Centrioles organize microtubules during cell division.
Energy Transfer and Ribosomes
- Mitochondria transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP.
- Ribosomes are small organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
Photosynthesis and Chloroplasts
- Chloroplasts utilize light energy to convert CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates.
- In photosynthesis, electrons leaving photosystem II are replaced by those from water via an enzyme.
Carbon Fixation and Thylakoids
- Carbon fixation is the process of incorporating carbon from the environment into organic compounds.
- Stacked thylakoids are referred to as grana.
Light Absorption and Photosynthesis Rate
- Chlorophyll a predominantly absorbs red light.
- Increased light intensity generally boosts the rate of photosynthesis.
Chemiosmosis and Photosynthetic Stages
- Chemiosmosis describes ion diffusion through ATP synthase.
- Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: light reactions and dark reactions.
- Light reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane, while dark reactions occur in the stroma.
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Description
This quiz consists of flashcards that cover essential biology concepts such as metabolism, DNA information, homeostasis, and reproduction. Test your knowledge on these fundamental topics and reinforce your understanding of biological processes.
