Biology Test - Chapter 3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

The branch of biology dealing with the interactions among organisms and environment is called?

Ecology

Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?

Communities make up biospheres. (correct)

Populations make up ecosystems.

Populations make up communities. (correct)

Species make up populations. (correct)

The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is?

A community

The lowest level of environmental complexity that includes living and nonliving factors is the?

Ecosystem Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic method used by ecologists to study the living world?

Animal training Signup and view all the answers

Which ecological inquiry method is an ecologist using when entering an area periodically to count the population numbers of a certain species?

Observing Signup and view all the answers

Plants are?

Primary producers Signup and view all the answers

The algae at the beginning of the food chain are?

Primary producers Signup and view all the answers

How do mostly primary producers make their own food?

By using light energy to make carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight to live?

Chemosynthetic bacteria Signup and view all the answers

In which way are plants in a sunny mountain meadow and sulfur bacteria in a deep-sea volcanic vent alike?

They both produce carbohydrates and oxygen Signup and view all the answers

All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food?

Web Signup and view all the answers

The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the?

Biomass Signup and view all the answers

What is an ecological model of the relationships that form a network of complex feeding interactions among organisms in a community from producers to decomposers?

Food web Signup and view all the answers

What animals eat both producers and consumers?

Omnivore Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?

Trophic level Signup and view all the answers

A bird stalks, kills then eats an insect based on its behavior. Which pair of ecological terms describes the bird?

Carnivore and consumer Signup and view all the answers

What goes in box 5 of the food web?

Decomposers Signup and view all the answers

What are 3 kinds of ecological pyramids?

Energy, biomass, and numbers Signup and view all the answers

Only 10% of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism's life processes and the rest is?

Eliminated as heat Signup and view all the answers

A word that means the same thing as consumer is?

Heterotroph Signup and view all the answers

Matter can recycle through the biosphere because?

Biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it Signup and view all the answers

The repeated movement of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere is called?

The water cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is happening to water at D in the water cycle?

Water is seeping into the ground to become ground water Signup and view all the answers

What part of the water cycle shows transpiration?

B - On the right Signup and view all the answers

Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes except?

Transpiration Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the water cycle is the biological process?

Transpiration Signup and view all the answers

Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has a direct role in the nitrogen cycle?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Organisms need nutrients in order to?

Carry out essential life functions Signup and view all the answers

The movement of energy in nutrients through living systems are different because?

Energy flows in one direction and nutrients recycle Signup and view all the answers

Biochemical cycling ensures that?

Nutrients will be circulated throughout the biosphere Signup and view all the answers

Animals that get energy by eating the carcasses of other animals that have been killed by predators or have died of natural causes are called?

Scavengers Signup and view all the answers

Phosphorus is very important for living things because living organisms need phosphorus?

To form DNA and RNA Signup and view all the answers

Each of the following is a non-living abiotic factor in the environment except?

Plant life Signup and view all the answers

Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?

Number and kinds of predators in the ecosystem Signup and view all the answers

During a long period when there is no rainfall, a mountain may temporarily leave its usual hunting territory to drink from a farm pond. This behavior is due to?

The change in abiotic factor in its environment Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of how biotic and abiotic factors interact?

Tree roots split apart rocks in the ground Signup and view all the answers

What is at the base of all ecological pyramids?

Producers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a food chain in the food web?

Grass, grasshopper, snake, hawk Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ecology and Ecosystems

Ecology studies interactions among organisms and their environment.
Ecosystems consist of living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) factors.
Communities are formed by populations of different species.
The simplest grouping in the biosphere is a community.

Ecological Research Methods

Common methods for ecologists exclude animal training.
Observational methods help count species populations in a defined area.

Primary Producers

Plants and algae are primary producers, responsible for making their own food.
They utilize light energy to produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis.
Chemosynthetic bacteria can live without sunlight, producing energy from chemical reactions.

Food Chains and Food Webs

Food webs comprise all interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
The total amount of living tissue at a trophic level is called biomass.
Trophic levels represent each step in energy transfer through a food web.

Consumer Interactions

Omnivores feed on both producers and consumers.
A bird that consumes insects is labeled as a carnivore and consumer.
Heterotroph is another term for consumers.

Energy Transfer and Nutrient Cycling

Only 10% of energy is transferred between trophic levels; the rest is used or lost as heat.
Biological systems recycle matter; they transform rather than deplete it.
The water cycle involves the movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere.

Biogeochemical Cycles

Processes like transpiration play vital roles in the water cycle.
Nitrogen fixation, primarily carried out by bacteria, is essential for the nitrogen cycle.
Nutrients are vital for organisms to perform essential life processes.

Ecological Pyramids

At the base of ecological pyramids are the producers, followed by various consumer levels.
Examples of ecological pyramids include those representing energy, biomass, and numbers of organisms.

Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Biotic factors, such as predator populations, can influence ecosystem dynamics.
Abiotic factors, like rainfall, also affect animal behaviors and population sizes.
Interactions occur when biotic and abiotic factors influence one another.

Importance of Nutrients

Phosphorus is critical for DNA and RNA formation in living organisms.
Animals that consume dead bodies of other animals are known as scavengers.

Summary of Ecological Concepts

Energy flows in one direction in ecosystems, while nutrients are recycled.
Understanding the complex relationships in ecosystems is vital for ecological balance.

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Test your knowledge on essential concepts in Ecology with these flashcards from Chapter 3 of Biology. This quiz covers interactions among organisms, ecosystems, and community organization. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of biological principles.