Biology Test: Anaphase and Meiosis
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Questions and Answers

Centromeres split apart during?

anaphase

During which phase of meiosis does the crossing over of chromosomes occur?

prophase I

What characteristic do cells in hair follicles and bone marrow most likely share with cancerous cells?

they divide rapidly

In which stage of the cell cycle is the process of dissolving the nucleus reversed?

<p>telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents fertilization?

<p>haploid + haploid = diploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of mitosis at work?

<p>elongating</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does interphase prepare cells for mitosis?

<p>growth of cell and replication of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes does a child inherit from his or her parents?

<p>23 from the mother and 23 from the father</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an organism's diploid number is 12, what would be its haploid number?

<p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consequence is most likely to follow if a disorder that causes the cell cycle to stop affects the muscle cells of a frog's leg?

<p>an injury to the muscle will not heal</p> Signup and view all the answers

In his study of pea plants, what method did Gregor Mendel use to produce offspring?

<p>cross-pollination, by using parents that had different traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of mitosis are chromosomes first seen as a result of chromatin coiling?

<p>prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if the process of mitosis is not error-free?

<p>healthy cells can become cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis produces which cell type?

<p>haploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitosis is important because it allows?

<p>new cells to replace old damaged cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitosis produces which cell type?

<p>diploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of chromosomes in each cell goes from diploid to haploid after?

<p>anaphase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of using tissue cultures to study medicines for cancer patients?

<p>patients do not receive harmful or ineffective medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many haploid cells are produced when three cells undergo meiosis?

<p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of growing cancer cells in a laboratory?

<p>to test medicinal treatments before giving them to patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end result of meiosis?

<p>four different daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are produced as a result of meiosis?

<p>gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are replicated during interphase?

<p>chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best defines a diploid cell during meiosis?

<p>a cell that has double the number of chromosomes as the daughter cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes meiosis?

<p>it produces male and female sex cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes red blood cells?

<p>they transport oxygen throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can disrupt the cell cycle?

<p>cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consist of sperm cells and egg cells?

<p>gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What correctly describes a haploid cell during meiosis?

<p>a cell that has one complete set of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What discovery did Gregor Mendel make?

<p>traits are inherited independently of each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

What include the male and female sex cells?

<p>gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a homologous chromosome pair?

<p>tetrad</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for sexual reproduction?

<p>meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end result of cytokinesis?

<p>two cells that have two identical copies of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason cells are replaced in the body?

<p>the cells are damaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of cell division is different in plant and animal cells?

<p>cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process must the cell undergo to have identical cells at the end of cell division?

<p>mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statement accurately describes the relationship between cytokinesis and mitosis?

<p>cytokinesis follows mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statement best describes the overall change that occurs as a result of mitosis?

<p>one cell becomes two cells that have identical copies of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three methods of genetic recombination?

<p>crossing over, independent assortment, and fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is meiosis important for organisms?

<p>it allows for genetic variation among organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division and Genetic Processes

  • Centromeres split during anaphase, allowing sister chromatids to separate.
  • Crossing over of chromosomes occurs during prophase I of meiosis, enhancing genetic diversity.
  • Chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicles and bone marrow, similar to cancer cells.
  • The dissolution of the nucleus, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope occurs early in mitosis and is reversed during telophase.

Fertilization and Genetic Contribution

  • Fertilization combines two haploid cells (haploid + haploid = diploid), resulting in offspring with a full set of chromosomes.
  • A child inherits 23 chromosomes from each parent, totaling 46 chromosomes.
  • If an organism has a diploid number of 12, its haploid number is 6.

Mitosis and Meiosis Comparison

  • Mitosis results in the production of diploid cells, crucial for replacing old or damaged cells.
  • Meiosis generates haploid cells, contributing to genetic diversity through the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells).
  • The end result of meiosis is four genetically different daughter cells.

Cell Cycle and Interphase

  • Interphase prepares cells for mitosis through growth and replication of chromosomes.
  • Cell cycle disruptions, such as cancer, can halt the normal process, affecting tissue repair.
  • Chromosomes are replicated during interphase, ensuring genetic material is available for cell division.

Experimentation and Mendelian Genetics

  • Gregor Mendel's cross-pollination method with pea plants established that traits are inherited independently.
  • The homologous chromosome pair, or tetrad, consists of chromatids aligned during meiosis.
  • Genetic recombination occurs through crossing over, independent assortment, and fertilization.

Importance of Cellular Division

  • Mitosis is vital for producing identical cell copies to maintain tissue health and function.
  • Cytokinesis, which follows mitosis, is different in plant and animal cells, affecting how cells divide.
  • An injury to non-repairing muscle cells results from disruption of the cell cycle.

Functions of Specific Cell Types

  • Red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the body, playing a critical role in respiratory function.
  • The necessity of meiosis for sexual reproduction emphasizes the importance of creating genetic diversity in a population.

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Description

Test your knowledge on critical biology concepts such as the phases of cell division, including anaphase and prophase I. Understand the effects of chemotherapy on rapidly dividing cells and the implications for cancer treatments. This quiz is designed to reinforce key terms and definitions essential for biology students.

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