Questions and Answers
An organism may have different ________ names that vary from area to area and language to language.
common
Scientists try to organize living things into groups that have _____ significance.
scientific
In _________, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
binomial nomenclature
In the name Ursus maritimus, the word Ursus refers to the _____.
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Linnaeus's system of classification has _____ taxonomic levels.
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As order is a broad taxonomic category composed of similar ____,
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Modern biologists build classification diagrams called cladograms that reflect _____.
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The six kingdoms of life are Eubacteria, ______ , Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia.
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The kingdom Monera has been split into the kingdoms Eubacteria and ______.
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The kingdom Eubacteria contains the same organisms as the domain _____.
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One way in which Archaea differs from Bacteria is that the cell walls of Archaea lack _____.
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When scientists use a ______ for an organism, they can be certain they are all discussing the same organism.
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The animals Panthera leo (lion) and _______ tigris (tiger) belong to the same genus.
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The use of a two-part scientific name for organisms is called ______ nomenclature.
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In systematics, different classes of organisms might be grouped into a ______, which is the next (larger) Linnaean category.
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In Linnaeus's system of classification, the two smallest categories are genus and _______.
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Traditional classification is based on general similarities and differences among the ____ of organisms.
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In ________, groups of organisms were formed on the basis of physical traits rather than evolutionary relationships.
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The six kingdoms of life include bacteria that have cell walls with peptidoglycan, bacteria that have cell walls without peptidoglycan, protists, fungi, animals, and _____.
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Unlike the five-kingdom system of classification, the six-kingdom system breaks ______ into two groups.
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The domain ____ contains plants, fungi, protists, and animals - which are all eukaryotes.
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The domain _____ is composed of the kingdom Eubacteria.
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Cladistic analysis relies on traits called _________________________ that arise in a common ancestor and are passed on to descendants.
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In cladistic analysis, similar genes that appear in dissimilar organisms, indicate that they share a common ____.
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Why might a particular kind of organism have more than 1 common name?
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How do you know that species Ursus maritimus and Ursus arcots are closely related?
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How many terms make up the scientific name of a species?
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How is a scientific name distinguished in print from the common name of a species?
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Study Notes
Taxonomy Overview
- Organisms can have various common names influenced by geographical and linguistic factors.
- Scientific efforts aim to categorize living entities based on recognized scientific significance.
Naming and Classification
- Binomial nomenclature assigns each species a two-part scientific name, providing consistency in identification.
- In the name "Ursus maritimus," "Ursus" designates the genus.
- Linnaeus developed a classification system consisting of seven distinct taxonomic levels.
Taxonomic Relationships
- An "order" consists of similar families, establishing broader categorizations within the classification system.
- Cladograms illustrate evolutionary relationships, showcasing lines of descent among organisms.
Kingdoms of Life
- Six kingdoms are recognized: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.
- The kingdom Monera has been divided into Eubacteria and Archaebacteria to enhance classification precision.
Distinctions in Domains
- The domain Bacteria corresponds with the kingdom Eubacteria, while Archaea lacks peptidoglycan in its cell walls, differentiating it from Bacteria.
- Eukarya encompasses all eukaryotic organisms, including plants, fungi, protists, and animals.
Scientific Naming and Relationships
- A standardized scientific name ensures uniformity in the discussion of a species across different scientific communities.
- The scientific names "Panthera leo" (lion) and "Panthera tigris" (tiger) indicate that both belong to the same genus, Panthera.
Classification Systems
- Linnaeus’s classification places genus and species as the two smallest categories in the hierarchy.
- Traditional classification bases organism grouping on observable physical characteristics and appearances rather than evolutionary lineage.
Evolutionary Insights
- Cladistic analysis focuses on derived traits from common ancestors, used to determine evolutionary relationships.
- Shared genetic similarities in diverse organisms suggest a common ancestry, providing insights into evolutionary history.
Common Name Variations
- Organisms may possess multiple common names due to variances in location and language, complicating communication among researchers.
- Scientific naming reduces confusion, as it is standardized in italics with the genus capitalized and species in lowercase.
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Description
Test your knowledge of taxonomy and the classification of living organisms with these flashcards. Engage with essential terms like common names, scientific significance, and binomial nomenclature to enhance your understanding of biology. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning in this vital area of biology.
