Questions and Answers
What type of cells contain a nucleus?
What type of cells do not contain a nucleus?
What are organisms that make their own food called?
What is the science of classification?
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What is the system of assigning two names to an organism called?
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Who is credited with developing binomial nomenclature?
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Which classification level is the least inclusive?
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Which is the largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories?
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What do organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia all have in common?
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Which kingdom is the only one that does not have cell walls?
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Which two kingdoms do not have nuclei?
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How are organisms in kingdoms Fungi and Animalia similar?
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How are organisms in kingdoms Fungi and Plantae different?
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A sample of water was observed to have several unicellular organisms without nuclei. What are they most likely?
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What kingdom do single green cells with a nucleus likely belong to?
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What is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms called?
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What is a taxon?
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What contributions did Aristotle and Carolus Linnaeus make to the science of taxonomy?
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What are the 7 taxonomic levels in order from largest to smallest?
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What are the rules for writing a scientific name?
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What is the scientific name for humans?
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Which languages are used to give organisms scientific names?
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How is evolutionary classification different from Linnaeus's way of classifying?
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What does cladistics involve?
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What shows evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms?
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What are the original 5 kingdoms?
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Which of these kingdoms was split to make a 6th kingdom?
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What two kingdoms did Monera become when it split?
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What is the most broad taxon?
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What characteristic is used to determine domains?
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Which domain includes more than one kingdom?
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Name the 3 domains and tell which organisms they contain.
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Name the 6 kingdoms and give examples of organisms in each.
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How is DNA used to help classify organisms?
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What is a molecular clock and how is it used to show relationships?
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The gene for which muscle protein is found in both yeast and humans?
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Why do scientists think barnacles are more closely related to crabs even though they look more like limpets?
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What is unusual about the relationship between vultures and storks?
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What is a dichotomous key?
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Study Notes
Cell Types and Classification
- Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, distinguishing them from prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus.
- Autotrophs produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
Taxonomy and Naming
- Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms based on shared characteristics.
- Binomial nomenclature, developed by Linnaeus, assigns a two-part name to each organism: genus (capitalized) followed by species (lowercase).
- The seven main taxonomic levels, listed from largest to smallest, are: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
Kingdoms and Organism Characteristics
- Organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are all eukaryotic.
- The Animalia kingdom is unique in that its members do not possess cell walls.
- Fungi and Animalia are both heterotrophs, differing from Plantae, which are autotrophs.
Classification Systems and Evolutionary Relationships
- Cladistics classifies organisms based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships, represented visually as a cladogram.
- Phylogeny studies the evolutionary relationships among organisms, often using DNA analysis to establish similarities and evolutionary histories.
Historical Contributions and Scientific Naming
- Aristotle created an early classification method based on observable traits, while Linnaeus established the binomial naming convention.
- Scientific names of organisms, such as Homo sapiens for humans, are typically derived from Latin or Greek.
Domains and Kingdoms
- Three domains of life include Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya; Eukarya encompasses multiple kingdoms such as Eubacteria (e.g., Streptococcus) and Fungi (e.g., mushrooms).
- Domains are determined by the evolutionary history of organisms and their independent evolutionary paths.
Evolutionary Biology Insights
- DNA comparisons help classify organisms by revealing genetic similarities and evolutionary relationships.
- A molecular clock estimates the time organisms have been evolving independently based on genetic divergence.
Unique Relationships in Nature
- Vultures are considered more closely related to crabs due to shared physical characteristics like appendages and segmented bodies, despite their physical resemblance to limpets.
- A dichotomous key is a valuable tool that aids in identifying organisms based on their distinct characteristics.
Miscellaneous
- The original classification system included five kingdoms, with Eubacteria and Archaebacteria being notable for lacking nuclei.
- An understanding of evolutionary trends is essential for accurate classification and recognition of life forms throughout biological studies.
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Description
Test your knowledge on taxonomy and biological classifications with this quiz. Learn about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, autotrophs, and the science of classification. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of organisms and their groupings.
