Biology Taxonomy and Classification
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of taxonomy in biology?

  • To describe the physical appearance of organisms
  • To analyze the behavior of different animals
  • To classify and organize living organisms (correct)
  • To study the geographical distribution of species

    • Who is credited with developing the modern system of classification?

  • Gregor Mendel
  • Carl Linnaeus (correct)
  • Charles Darwin
  • Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

    • Which of the following best describes binomial nomenclature?

  • An ancient naming system used for extinct species
  • A system that categorizes organisms based on their habitat
  • A classification method focusing solely on physical traits
  • A two-term naming system for organisms (correct)

    • What do phylogenetic trees illustrate?

    <p>The evolutionary relationships among various organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a scientist who studies taxonomy?

    <p>Taxonomist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of understanding phylogeny?

    <p>Understanding the reproductive cycles of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many kingdoms of life are recognized in the six-kingdom system?

    <p>Six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two components make up the scientific name in binomial nomenclature?

    <p>Species name and genus name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component that viruses consist of?

    <p>A core of nucleic acids and a protein coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding viruses' signs of life?

    <p>Viruses exhibit no signs of life when isolated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells do bacteriophages attack?

    <p>Bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form does viral genetic material exist?

    <p>Linear or circular form, not in a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the immediate symptom-producing cycle of viral reproduction?

    <p>Lytic cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the lytic cycle from the lysogenic cycle?

    <p>The timing of symptom appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the nature of viral genomes?

    <p>Small, coding only for a few proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of viral reproduction leads to a parasitic partnership with the host cell?

    <p>Lysogenic cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term biodiversity primarily refer to?

    <p>The variety of life forms and their interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is genetic diversity crucial for a population?

    <p>It provides resistance to diseases and environmental changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to biodiversity when a keystone species is removed from an ecosystem?

    <p>The ecosystem may collapse or drastically change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes ecosystem diversity?

    <p>The variety of habitats and ecological processes in an area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would likely be a consequence of using broad-spectrum pesticides in agriculture?

    <p>Non-target species and overall biodiversity would decline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of species diversity?

    <p>It allows ecosystems to withstand environmental fluctuations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many species have scientists identified, according to current estimates?

    <p>2 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the interdependence of species in an ecosystem?

    <p>Species rely on each other for survival and stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true for organisms in Kingdom Protista?

    <p>They are eukaryotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes protozoans from algae within Kingdom Protista?

    <p>Protozoans ingest other organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of slime molds?

    <p>They have a complex life cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of algae in aquatic ecosystems?

    <p>To serve as the main source of biological energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aptly describes the variability within Kingdom Protista?

    <p>Protists can obtain energy through different means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about protists is accurate?

    <p>They do not have a consistent classification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many species of protists have been identified to date?

    <p>Over 100,000 species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of locomotion is not associated with protists?

    <p>Wings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is used to classify animals based on their complexity?

    <p>Body structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of all animal species are vertebrates?

    <p>Less than 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of animals?

    <p>Cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In animals with bilateral symmetry, what does cephalization involve?

    <p>Concentration of sensory organs at the body’s front end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of body symmetry can divide an animal into two identical halves?

    <p>Bilateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily stored in the form of glycogen in animals?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes animals that exhibit radial symmetry?

    <p>They have a central point with body parts arranged around it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissues are responsible for movement and impulse conduction in animals?

    <p>Muscle and nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Taxonomy

    • Science of classifying organisms
    • Two main purposes:
      • To organize information about organisms
      • To understand relationships between organisms
    • Taxonomists study this subject
    • Uses a system for classifying different organisms

    Binomial Nomenclature

    • Two terms:
      • Genus
      • Species
    • Both terms are in Latin and genus name is capitalized

    Taxonomic Levels (8 Taxa)

    • Domain
    • Kingdom
    • Phylum
    • Class
    • Order
    • Family
    • Genus
    • Species

    Phylogenetic Tree

    • The history of the evolution of organisms is called phylogeny.
    • Shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological organisms
    • Based on similarities and differences in their DNA and/or physical structures

    Value of Phylogeny

    • Solving scientific and practical problems
    • Honeybees and pesticide resistance
    • Development of drugs
    • Saving endangered species

    The Six Kingdoms of Life

    • Organisms in each kingdom are similar in their cellular structure, methods of obtaining nutrients, and metabolism

    Biodiversity

    • Variety of life on Earth
    • Essential interdependence of all living things
    • Scientists have identified more than 2 million species, however tens of millions are not identified.
    • Complex interactions among all living things

    Three Components of Biodiversity

    • Diversity of Genes
      • Example: different breeds of dogs
      • Genetic diversity is important because it allows populations to adapt to changing environments
      • Advantages: Resistance to disease, pests, and environmental changes
    • Diversity of Species
      • Example: Different types of trees in a forest
      • Species diversity allows for ecosystem resilience
    • Diversity of Ecosystems
      • Example: Different types of habitats in a region
      • Ecosystem diversity allows for a wide range of resources and services

    Keystone Species

    • Species that have a disproportionately large effect on their environment.
    • Removing a keystone species can have dramatic consequences for the ecosystem.

    Viruses

    • Acellular particles
    • Found everywhere
    • Consists of a core of genetic material and a protein coat (capsid)
    • Can only reproduce within a host cell
    • Show a sign of life: Ability to reproduce
    • Attack bacteria (bacteriophages) or eukaryotes
    • Invade cells and use the host cell's machinery to synthesize more of their own macromolecules.

    Viral Reproduction

    • Lytic Cycle: Immediate disease symptoms
      • Attachment
      • Entry
    • Lysogenic Cycle: Parasitic type of partnership with the cell

    Viral Genome

    • Consists of either DNA or RNA not contained in a nucleus.
    • Can be single-stranded or double-stranded.
    • Can be linear or circular.
    • Very small = codes only for a few proteins

    Kingdom Protista

    • Made up of algae, protozoans, slime molds
    • Eukaryotes and obtain energy in a variety of ways
    • Most are unicellular
    • Various modes of reproduction
    • Over 100,000 species identified
    • Most famous example: Amoeba

    Protozoans

    • Some resemble animals
    • Ingestion of other organisms or absorption of nutrients from the environment
    • Others are photosynthetic
    • No cell wall
    • Modes of locomotion: cilia, flagella, pseudopodia
    • Some of the most common parasites in the world

    Algae

    • Some resemble plants
    • Presence of chlorophyll
    • No roots, stems, leaves
    • Mainly unicellular
    • The source of biological energy - aquatic food webs
    • Biologists believe that plants evolved from green algae.

    Slime Moulds

    • Some resemble fungi
    • Complex life cycle
    • Absorbing nutrients from the environment
    • Decomposers
    • Reproduce both sexually and asexually (spores, hyphae)

    Animal Kingdom

    • Most diverse in appearances
    • Essential functions:
      • Respiration
      • Digestion
      • Excretion
      • Movement
      • Reproduction
      • Response to stimuli
    • Vertebrates make up less than 5% of all animal species.
    • 95% of all animal species are invertebrates.

    What is an Animal?

    • Multicellular
    • Heterotrophic
    • Eukaryotic
    • Store their energy reserves as glycogen
    • Animal cells lack cell walls
    • Reproduce sexually (most)
    • Two types of tissues responsible for impulse conduction and movement: nervous, muscle

    Complexity and Advancement

    • Classified based on:
      • Level of organization and specialization
      • Body symmetry
      • Germ layers

    Body Symmetry

    • Radial symmetry
    • Bilateral symmetry

    Cephalization

    • Concentration of sense organs and nervous tissue at the front end of the body.
    • Animals with bilateral symmetry usually display cephalization.

    Body Cavity Formation

    • Most animals have a body cavity (coelom)
    • Fluid-filled space between the body wall and the digestive tract.

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    Grade 11 Biology PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of biological taxonomy, which involves the classification of organisms into various categories. This quiz covers key concepts such as binomial nomenclature, taxonomic levels, and the importance of phylogeny in understanding evolutionary relationships. Test your knowledge on how these classifications help address scientific challenges and protect endangered species.

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