Biology: STIs, Contraception, and Pollination

Infections spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. They can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

Some STIs can be cured with medication, while others cannot. Even when cured, they can be re-contracted.

The process where a plant uses its own reproductive organs to fertilize itself. This creates a clone of the parent plant with identical characteristics.

The process involving pollen transfer between different plants, leading to genetic variation in offspring.

Angiosperms are a type of plant distinguished by their presence of flowers, which are essential for reproduction.

The intentional use of methods to prevent pregnancy after sexual intercourse.

Hormonal contraceptives like pills contain hormones that stop ovulation, preventing egg release and fertilization. They also thicken cervical mucus, blocking sperm.

Barrier methods create a physical barrier to prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Examples are condoms, spermicide, and female condoms.

STIs are infections passed through sexual contact, often through bodily fluids like blood, semen, or vaginal fluids.

The process of transferring pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower.

A type of pollination where pollen from the same flower or plant transfers to the stigma.

A type of pollination where pollen from a different plant transfers to the stigma.

The colorful part of a flower, usually made up of petals, that attracts pollinators.

The process where a seed develops into a new plant.

The period from the start of pregnancy to the birth of a baby, typically lasting around nine months.

The stage of fetal development when the embryo transforms into a fetus, around the middle of pregnancy.

A way to determine the sex of a developing baby by examining fetal tissue for the presence of the H-y antigen, typically done around 10-12 weeks of pregnancy.

A medical procedure where amniotic fluid is extracted and analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities or genetic disorders in the developing fetus.

A prenatal test that involves sampling chorionic villi, tissue from the placenta, to analyze for chromosomal abnormalities or genetic issues in the developing fetus.

The process of a baby being born, involving strong uterine contractions and the passage of the baby through the birth canal.

Babies born before 37 weeks of gestation, potentially requiring specialized care in incubators to support their growth and development.

The process of delivering a baby, triggered by hormones released from the placenta and pituitary gland.

The part of the flower that provides stability and transports water and food to the flower.

Leaf-like structures that protect the flower from drying out especially during blooming.

The base of the flower where the petals and reproductive organs grow.

The male reproductive organ in a flower consisting of the anther and filament.

The part of the stamen that produces pollen; the male gametes.

The stalk that supports the anther.

Female reproductive organ of a flower consisting of one or more carpels.

The basic unit of the gynoecium; it contains the stigma, style, and ovary.

The fruit develops after pollination, containing seeds with an embryo and nutrients. The fruit helps disperse the seeds for plant reproduction.

Mosses and Ferns require water for reproduction, often living in moist environments.

Angiosperms (flowering plants) reproduce sexually, with pollen transfer through various methods like wind, water, insects, or birds.

A hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy by encouraging the endometrium to thicken.

The release of a mature egg from the ovary, marking the middle of the menstrual cycle.

The phase after ovulation, where the corpus luteum produces progesterone to sustain the endometrium for a potential pregnancy.

A temporary gland formed in the ovary after ovulation that produces progesterone.

If fertilization occurs, the zygote implants and a pregnancy develops. If fertilization fails, the endometrium breaks down leading to menstruation.

A type of sexual reproduction where sperm fertilizes an egg outside of the female's body, usually in water.

Sexual reproduction where fertilization occurs inside the female's body, resulting in a developing fetus that receives nutrients from the mother.

The fusion of a sperm cell with an egg cell, leading to the formation of a zygote, the first cell of a new individual.

The monthly cycle of changes in the female reproductive system, involving ovulation, menstrual bleeding, and preparation for pregnancy.

The stage in a female's life when the menstrual cycle ends and her reproductive capacity ceases.

The male reproductive part of a flower, composed of multiple stamens, each with an anther that produces pollen.

The female reproductive part of a flower, consisting of a pistil, which includes the stigma, style, and ovary.

The process of transferring pollen to the female reproductive part of a flower.

Pollination from a different plant, leading to genetic variation in the offspring. Think of it as 'crossbreeding' for plants.

Pollination from the same plant, resulting in genetically identical offspring. Think of it like 'cloning' for plants.

The phase when the body prepares for a possible pregnancy by releasing hormones that stimulate an egg to mature and the lining of the uterus to thicken.

Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and communicate with various organs and systems, regulating functions like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

The menstrual cycle is a monthly process that prepares a woman's body for pregnancy. If pregnancy doesn't occur, the lining of the uterus sheds, resulting in menstruation.

The period of time roughly between a woman's mid-20s and mid-30s, when egg quality and conception rates are typically at their peak.