Biology: STIs, Contraception, and Pollination

STIs is a more accurate term as it includes infections that may not lead to diseases.

STIs are transmitted through bodily fluids such as blood, semen, and vaginal fluids.

No, while some STIs like syphilis and gonorrhea are curable, others like HIV and herpes are not.

<p>Flowers are used for reproduction in angiosperms and can facilitate both asexual and sexual reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asexual reproduction creates clones, making plants more susceptible to viruses due to lack of genetic variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent or stop a pregnancy as a result of sexual intercourse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They stop ovulation and thicken cervical mucus to block sperm from reaching the egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barrier methods create a physical barrier to prevent sperm from reaching the egg, while hormonal methods alter hormone levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>STIs are infections passed from person to person through blood, semen, or bodily fluids during sexual activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Curable STIs include syphilis and gonorrhea; incurable STIs include hepatitis B and herpes simplex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asexual (self-pollination) and sexual (cross-pollination).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colorful petals attract pollinators, which facilitate the transfer of pollen between different plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross-pollination results in genetic variation, whereas self-pollination produces genetically identical offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nectar serves as a food source that further attracts pollinators to the flowers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The carpel develops into a fruit containing seeds and nutrients for the embryo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary change is the growth and expansion of existing body parts, with no new systems being developed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 10-12 weeks through an H-y antigen test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It marks the completion of fetal development and the readiness for independent life post-birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormones from the placenta and pituitary gland trigger contractions that lead to birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It lubricates the birth canal, aiding the baby's passage out of the womb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may be placed in incubators to simulate conditions of the mother's womb for better survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smaller, slower-expanding head makes the birth process more complicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross-pollination promotes genetic diversity, which can enhance adaptability and survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External factors like wind, water, and pollinators such as bees and birds carry pollen from one plant to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flowering plants attract pollinators with colorful petals and nectar, enhancing their reproductive success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruit facilitates seed dispersal, allowing seeds to germinate and develop into new plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angiosperms reproduce via seeds enclosed in fruit, while ferns and mosses often require water for reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FSH stimulates the follicles in the ovary to grow the egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During ovulation, the follicle releases the egg and forms the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum ceases hormone production, causing the endometrium to break down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estrogen prepares the uterus for pregnancy and encourages the thickening of the endometrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luteinizing hormone signals the onset of ovulation, while progesterone maintains the uterine lining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The androecium is made up of stamens, which consist of an anther that produces pollen and a filament that supports the anther.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stigma is significant because it catches pollen, providing a surface for fertilization to occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main types of pollination are self-pollination, where pollen from the same plant fertilizes its own ovules, and cross-pollination, where pollen from one plant fertilizes the ovules of another plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pollinators are external factors that carry pollen between plants; examples include bees, birds, wind, and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fertilization occurs when pollen reaches an ovule in the ovary, leading to the formation of a zygote that develops into a seed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asexual reproduction creates clones of the parent plant, while sexual reproduction involves gene mixing, resulting in new characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The male reproductive part is the androecium, which consists of stamens made up of anthers and filaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The calyx protects the flower from drying out, especially during blooming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thalamus or receptacle is the base from which the flower blooms and produces the reproductive parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stem provides stability and serves as a passageway for water and nutrients to reach the flower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gene mixing increases the chances of favorable characteristics, allowing plants to adapt to changing environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asexual reproduction increases vulnerability to viruses due to the lack of genetic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pollen is the male gamete in plants, and it serves as the sperm necessary for fertilization to form a zygote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The menstrual cycle initiates at puberty, around the age of 12-14, when females start producing eggs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The peak potential for conception occurs typically in the middle of the menstrual cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormones serve as chemical signals that regulate the various stages of the menstrual cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a female approaches menopause, her egg production decreases and eventually stops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The quality of eggs can diminish with age, leading to a higher risk of genetic abnormalities in offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External fertilization occurs when a male organism releases sperm over the eggs laid by a female, as seen in many fish species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The zygote forms when a sperm fertilizes an egg and contains 46 chromosomes, initiating the development of a new organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The menstrual cycle is a monthly process from puberty to menopause, where the uterus prepares for potential pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If fertilization does not occur, the egg is shed along with the uterine lining during menstruation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal sexual reproduction involves the fertilization of an egg inside the mother's body, while external fertilization occurs outside, typically in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers