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Questions and Answers
What is the process called when male and female gametes fuse?
What are the green leaf-like structures at the outermost whorl of a flower called?
Which part of the flower produces the male gametes?
What is the term for the transfer of pollen from one flower's anther to its stigma?
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In which type of pollination does the anther of one flower transfer pollen to the stigma of another flower?
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What is the central whorl of a flower that produces female gametes called?
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Which type of self-pollination occurs with the help of gravity or a pollinating agent between different flowers on the same plant?
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What part of the flower serves as the site for pollen deposition?
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Study Notes
Sexual Reproduction
- Sexual reproduction involves the interaction of male and female reproductive parts.
- Two gametes, male and female, are formed.
- Fertilization occurs when the male and female gametes fuse.
- The zygote, formed after fertilization, develops into an embryo and then into a new individual.
- Flowers are the reproductive organs of flowering plants (angiosperms).
- A flower consists of four distinct whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.
Calyx
- The outermost whorl of a flower.
- Composed of green leaf-like structures called sepals.
Corolla
- The second whorl of a flower.
- Composed of colorful structures called petals.
- Petals attract insects and animals, aiding in pollination.
Androecium
- The third whorl of a flower.
- Composed of stamens.
- Each stamen has a filament (tube-like portion) and an anther (capsule-like structure).
- The anther produces pollen grains, the male gametes.
Gynoecium
- The central whorl of a flower.
- Contains the ovary, style, and stigma.
- The ovary produces eggs (female gametes).
- The style is a tube-like structure connecting the ovary to the stigma.
- The stigma is a flattened structure at the top of the style, where pollen grains land.
Pollination
- The transfer of pollen grains from anthers to the stigma.
- Two types: self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Self-Pollination
- The transfer of pollen from the anthers of the same flower to its stigma.
- Two types:
- Autogamy: Pollination without the help of animals.
- Geitonogamy: Pollination between flowers of the same plant, often with the help of pollinating agents or gravity.
Cross-Pollination
- The transfer of pollen from the anthers of one flower to the stigma of another flower.
- Can occur on the same plant or different plants.
- The norm in most plants and relies on pollinating agents like wind, insects, birds, and other animals.
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Description
Explore the fascinating process of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. This quiz covers the roles of male and female gametes, fertilization, and the distinct structures of a flower, including calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. Test your knowledge on plant reproductive anatomy and processes.
