19 Questions
Describe the process of fertilization in Riccia Water.
Antherozoids swim in water to reach the archegonium, where one penetrates the egg for fertilization.
What triggers the release of antherozoids in Riccia Water?
The apical cells of the antheridial wall swell and break down to release the antherozoids.
How do antherozoids reach the egg in Riccia Water?
Antherozoids swim in a thin film of water to the archegonium, guided by chemotactic response.
What is the result of the fusion of male and female gametes in Riccia Water?
The formation of a diploid zygote or oospore.
Why does the mucilaginous mass in the archegonium swell up in Riccia Water?
It absorbs water, swells up, and pushes the cover cells apart to release the oospore.
What is the role of the neck canal cells in Riccia Water fertilization?
The neck canal cells disintegrate to form a mucilaginous mass that aids in fertilization.
What are the essential factors for spore germination?
Light, low temperature, and water
What is the structure that comes out of the spore as a tubular outgrowth during germination?
Germinal tube
What is the content of the cytoplasm inside the germinal tube during germination?
Albumin granules, chloroplasts, and oil granules
What structure does the germ tube form as it elongates rapidly during germination?
Club-shaped structure
What is the first cell division that occurs at the distal end of the club-shaped structure during germination?
Transverse division
How many tiers of cells are formed during the octant stage of germination?
Two tiers of four cells each
What is the function of the distal tier of four cells in the octant stage?
Apical cell with 2 cutting faces
Describe the structure of a mature antheridium.
A mature antheridium is a stalked, club-shaped or pear-shaped body with a multicellular stalk and surrounded by an outermost layer of one-celled thick sterile jacket.
What is the role of water in the dehiscence of antheridium?
Water presence triggers the dehiscence of antheridium.
Explain the structure of an archegonium.
An archegonium is a flask-shaped structure comprised of a long, elongated neck and a globular venter.
What is the significance of the upper part of the neck of the archegonium protruding out of the cavity?
The protruding upper part of the neck facilitates the entry of antherozoids (sperm) into the archegonium for fertilization.
Differentiate between protandry and protogyny in monoecious species.
Protandry is when antheridia develop first and archegonia later, while protogyny is the reverse where archegonia develop first and antheridia later.
Explain the term homothallic and give an example of a heterothallic species.
Homothallic species have both male and female reproductive structures in the same individual, while heterothallic species require two different individuals for sexual reproduction. An example of a heterothallic species is R. himalayensis.
Test your knowledge on the reproduction process of Riccia Water, focusing on the structure of the venter, neck, and antheridial chamber, as well as the process of fertilization and release of antherozoids.
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