Biology Review Questions

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Questions and Answers

Which cellular organelle is primarily responsible for generating ATP through cellular respiration?

Lysosome
Mitochondria (correct)
Golgi Apparatus
Endoplasmic Reticulum

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

G1 Phase
G2 Phase
S Phase (correct)
Mitosis

How does the process of natural selection primarily affect the genetic makeup of a population?

It randomly changes allele frequencies without regard to their effects.
It prevents adaptation by maintaining a stable gene pool.
It decreases genetic variation by creating new mutations.
It increases the frequency of beneficial alleles and decreases the frequency of harmful alleles. (correct)

What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?

Breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is the most accurate description of the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in genetically diverse daughter cells. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a mutualistic relationship?

Bees pollinating flowers while collecting nectar. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of genetic drift in small populations?

It can lead to the loss of genetic variation and fixation of alleles, even harmful ones. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses replicate?

By using the host cell's machinery to replicate their genetic material and produce viral proteins. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fungi in nutrient cycling?

To decompose organic matter and release nutrients back into the soil (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Biology?

The scientific study of life, examining structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms.

What is Cell Biology?

Study of the structure, function, and behavior of cells, the fundamental units of life.

What are Prokaryotic Cells?

Cells lacking a nucleus and other complex organelles; includes bacteria and archaea.

What are Eukaryotic Cells?

Cells possessing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals.