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A fundamental biological process in which new individual organisms ("Offspring g") are produced from their "Parents"
Ensures the continuity of the species
A fundamental biological process in which new individual organisms ("Offspring g") are produced from their "Parents"
Ensures the continuity of the species
Reproduction
The ability to reproduce is one of the most important aspects of life because no organism can live forever.
The ability to reproduce is one of the most important aspects of life because no organism can live forever.
Reproduction
Parents produces genetically similar/identical offspring
Parents produces genetically similar/identical offspring
Asexual reproduction
Production of gametes (Sex cells) via meiosis Fusion of male and female gametes (Fertilisation)
Production of gametes (Sex cells) via meiosis Fusion of male and female gametes (Fertilisation)
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is the mode of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of male and female gametes.
is the mode of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of male and female gametes.
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It is a mode of reproduction that involves fertilization or the fusion of male and female gametes.
It is a mode of reproduction that involves fertilization or the fusion of male and female gametes.
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Single parent involved.
No fertilization or gamete formation takes place.
This process of reproduction occurs in a very short time.
The organisms multiply and grow rapidly.
The offspring is genetically similar.
Single parent involved. No fertilization or gamete formation takes place. This process of reproduction occurs in a very short time. The organisms multiply and grow rapidly. The offspring is genetically similar.
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It usually occur in a complex multicellular organisms.
It involved fusion of gametes from different individual and hence bring about diverse character.
It also leads to incorporate new combinations of genes.
It usually occur in a complex multicellular organisms. It involved fusion of gametes from different individual and hence bring about diverse character. It also leads to incorporate new combinations of genes.
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An organism is reproduced by forming an outgrowth, or a "bud", from a part of the parent organism's body.
An organism is reproduced by forming an outgrowth, or a "bud", from a part of the parent organism's body.
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An organism is produced from detached body part of its parent
An organism is produced from detached body part of its parent
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Organism (embryo) develops from an unfertilized egg cell (after meiosis)
half clones or full clones
Organism (embryo) develops from an unfertilized egg cell (after meiosis) half clones or full clones
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Also known as 'virgin development', is a form of reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into an adult animal.
Also known as 'virgin development', is a form of reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into an adult animal.
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External fertilization (egg cells released into the environment and fertilized by males)
External fertilization (egg cells released into the environment and fertilized by males)
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Internal fertilization
Lay eggs
Little embryonic development in mother
Internal fertilization
Lay eggs
Little embryonic development in mother
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Internal fertilization Embryos develop in eggs and hatch within parent Give birth to live young
No placenta
Internal fertilization Embryos develop in eggs and hatch within parent Give birth to live young No placenta
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Embryos acquire nutrients from:
-
other tissues (skin/glands)
-
oophagy (feeding on eggs produces by ovary) e.g. some sharks
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adelphophagy (fetus feeds on sibling embryos) e.g. marine snails and worms, some sharks
Embryos acquire nutrients from:
-
other tissues (skin/glands)
-
oophagy (feeding on eggs produces by ovary) e.g. some sharks
-
adelphophagy (fetus feeds on sibling embryos) e.g. marine snails and worms, some sharks
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Embryo acquires nutrients from female (often from placenta)
Embryo acquires nutrients from female (often from placenta)
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Organism can have both male and female reproductive organs
Organism can have both male and female reproductive organs
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Individual born as one sex but change into the opposite sex
Individual born as one sex but change into the opposite sex
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Individual has both male and female sexual organs at the same time
Individual has both male and female sexual organs at the same time
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Natural methods of asexual reproduction includes self- propagation such as budding, vegetative propagation, and spore formation
Natural methods of asexual reproduction includes self- propagation such as budding, vegetative propagation, and spore formation
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is the mode of asexual reproduction wherein a new plant is developed from an outgrowth known as the bud. is generally formed due to cell division at one particular site.
is the mode of asexual reproduction wherein a new plant is developed from an outgrowth known as the bud. is generally formed due to cell division at one particular site.
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It's any form of asexual reproduction in plants, in which new plants are produced from its vegetative Plants
It's any form of asexual reproduction in plants, in which new plants are produced from its vegetative Plants
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Common Techniques of Vegetative Propagation
Common Techniques of Vegetative Propagation
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Runners are the stems which usually grow in a horizontal form above the ground. They have the nodes where the buds are formed. These buds usually grow into a new plant
Runners are the stems which usually grow in a horizontal form above the ground. They have the nodes where the buds are formed. These buds usually grow into a new plant
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A new plant is developed from modified roots called tubers.
A new plant is developed from modified roots called tubers.
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In some plants, detached leaves from the parent plant can be used to grow a new plant. They exhibit growth of small plants, called plantlets, on the edge of their leaves.
In some plants, detached leaves from the parent plant can be used to grow a new plant. They exhibit growth of small plants, called plantlets, on the edge of their leaves.
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is an asexual reproductive body, surrounded by a hard protective cover to withstand unfavourable conditions. Under favourable conditions, these spores germinate and grow into new plants.
is an asexual reproductive body, surrounded by a hard protective cover to withstand unfavourable conditions. Under favourable conditions, these spores germinate and grow into new plants.
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of asexual reproduction include cutting, grafting, layering, and micropropagation.
of asexual reproduction include cutting, grafting, layering, and micropropagation.
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In this method, a part of a plant is cut along with the node and is buried in the soil. The cutting is watered regularly. this is the cheapest method of vegetative propagation in plants.
In this method, a part of a plant is cut along with the node and is buried in the soil. The cutting is watered regularly. this is the cheapest method of vegetative propagation in plants.
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In this method, the parts of two different plants are joined together such that they continue to grow as a single plant. The rooted plant is known as the stock. The other plant is known as the graft.
In this method, the parts of two different plants are joined together such that they continue to grow as a single plant. The rooted plant is known as the stock. The other plant is known as the graft.
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This is the method of producing a large number of plants from an explant under laboratory conditions within a short time interval. This facilitates the growth of rare and endangered plant species that are difficult to grow under natural conditions.
This is the method of producing a large number of plants from an explant under laboratory conditions within a short time interval. This facilitates the growth of rare and endangered plant species that are difficult to grow under natural conditions.
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Reproduction in plants takes place sexually and asexually as well. But the majority of the flowering plants reproduce sexually. The flower is the reproductive part of a plant i.e., both male and female gametes are produced by f bwers. Sexual reproduction in plants takes place in flowers.
Reproduction in plants takes place sexually and asexually as well. But the majority of the flowering plants reproduce sexually. The flower is the reproductive part of a plant i.e., both male and female gametes are produced by f bwers. Sexual reproduction in plants takes place in flowers.
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To form a zygote, male gametes in pollen grains fuse with the egg in the ovule.
Pollination is the process of transferring pollen grains from the anther - male part of a flower, to the stigma female part of a flower.
To form a zygote, male gametes in pollen grains fuse with the egg in the ovule.
Pollination is the process of transferring pollen grains from the anther - male part of a flower, to the stigma female part of a flower.
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Methods of Pollination
Methods of Pollination
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TWO TYPES OF POLLINATION
TWO TYPES OF POLLINATION
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A pollination where the pollen transfer takes place between the anther and stigma of the same flower
A pollination where the pollen transfer takes place between the anther and stigma of the same flower
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A pollination where the pollen transfer takes place between the anther and the stigma of different flowers of the same plant or different plants of the same species.
A pollination where the pollen transfer takes place between the anther and the stigma of different flowers of the same plant or different plants of the same species.
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Process of Pollination
Process of Pollination
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The anther produces pollen, which contains the male reproductive cells (gametes).
The anther produces pollen, which contains the male reproductive cells (gametes).
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The flower may use its colourful petals, fragrance or nectar to attract pollinators like bees, butterflies or birds.
The flower may use its colourful petals, fragrance or nectar to attract pollinators like bees, butterflies or birds.
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When a pollinator visits a flower for nectar or pollen, it brushes against the anther, picking up and carrying pollen grains on its body.
When a pollinator visits a flower for nectar or pollen, it brushes against the anther, picking up and carrying pollen grains on its body.
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The pollinator moves to another flower of the same species (or a compatible one). Some of the previously collected pollen may rub off onto the stigma of the second flower.
The pollinator moves to another flower of the same species (or a compatible one). Some of the previously collected pollen may rub off onto the stigma of the second flower.
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Process of Fertilisation
Process of Fertilisation
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The pollen on the stigma germinates and sends a pollen tube dawn into the flower's ovary. This tube delivers the male gametes to the ovule, where fertilisation occurs.
The pollen on the stigma germinates and sends a pollen tube dawn into the flower's ovary. This tube delivers the male gametes to the ovule, where fertilisation occurs.
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The ovule develops into a seed, and the flower's ovary matures into a fruit, enclosing the seeds.
The ovule develops into a seed, and the flower's ovary matures into a fruit, enclosing the seeds.
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The mature fruit can be eaten by animals, carried by the wind, or float in water, allowing seeds to be carried to new locations and grow into a new plant.
The mature fruit can be eaten by animals, carried by the wind, or float in water, allowing seeds to be carried to new locations and grow into a new plant.
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