Biology Quiz: pH, Macromolecules, Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

What does the pH scale measure?

Hydrogen ions

What is the normal pH of blood?

7.4

Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule?

  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Water (correct)

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

<p>Cellular fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids?

<p>Transport of nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proteins?

<p>Building and repairing tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

<p>Storing and transmitting genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the anatomical position?

<p>Thumbs pointing inward (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following body quadrants with their corresponding organs.

<p>Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) = Stomach Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) = Small Intestine Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) = Liver Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) = Appendix</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?

<p>Numbness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of homeostasis?

<p>Maintenance of a stable internal environment despite continuous changes in the external environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of negative feedback?

<p>Childbirth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?

<p>Childbirth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what will happen?

<p>The cell will swell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A selectively permeable membrane allows all substances to pass freely.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

<p>Contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of epithelial tissue with their primary location.

<p>Skin = Protection Small Intestine = Absorption Lungs = Filtration Kidneys, Sweat Glands = Excretion Glands = Secretion Skin, Nose, Eyes = Sensory Reception</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of muscle tissue?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of muscle tissue with their characteristics.

<p>Skeletal muscle = Attached to bones, voluntary control Cardiac muscle = Found in the heart, involuntary control Smooth muscle = Found in the walls of hollow organs, involuntary control</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues can regenerate?

<p>A and B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of passive transport?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Passive transport moves substances from a low concentration area to a high concentration area.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

<p>Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that lead to a body surface or cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell types with their characteristics.

<p>Blast cells = Immature, actively dividing cells Cyte cells = Mature, specialized cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

pH scale

Measures hydrogen ion concentration in solutions.

Blood pH

Normal range: 7.35 - 7.45, average is 7.4.

Carbohydrates

Primary source of energy; glucose is the main type.

Lipids

Store energy, form cell membranes, and act as hormones.

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Proteins

Essential for structure, function, and regulation of body tissues.

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Nucleic Acids

DNA and RNA; store and transmit genetic information.

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Anatomical Position

Body standing erect with palms facing forward.

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Four Quadrants of Abdomen

RUQ: liver, LUQ: stomach, RLQ: appendix, LLQ: intestine.

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Signs of Inflammation

Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function.

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Homeostasis

Stable internal conditions maintained despite changes.

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Negative Feedback Mechanism

Reduces or stops the original stimulus.

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Positive Feedback Mechanism

Enhances or increases the original stimulus.

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Hypotonic Solution

Causes cells to gain water.

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Hypertonic Solution

Causes cells to lose water and shrink.

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Isotonic Solution

No net movement of water into or out of cells.

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Selectively Permeable Membrane

Allows certain materials to pass while blocking others.

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Functions of Epithelial Tissue

Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception.

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Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary muscle attached to bones.

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Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary muscle found in the heart.

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Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle found in hollow organs.

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Regeneration

Ability to grow back; occurs in bone and epithelial tissues.

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Non-regenerative Tissue

Cardiac and nerve tissues do not regenerate.

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Passive Transport

Movement of substances across cell membranes without energy.

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Simple Diffusion

Movement of small, nonpolar molecules across the membrane.

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Facilitated Diffusion

Movement across the membrane with the help of transport proteins.

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Osmosis

Specific diffusion of water across a membrane.

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Endocrine vs Exocrine

Endocrine: hormones into blood; Exocrine: substances to surfaces (e.g., sweat).

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Blast Cells

Immature cells capable of division and growth.

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Cyte Cells

Mature, differentiated cells.

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Neutral pH

A pH level of 7, indicating neither acidity nor alkalinity.

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Acidic pH

pH levels below 7, indicating higher acidity.

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Basic pH

pH levels above 7, indicating more alkalinity.

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LUQ Organs

Left Upper Quadrant contains organs like the stomach.

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RUQ Organs

Right Upper Quadrant contains the liver and gallbladder.

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Tonicity Concepts

Hypotonic means cell gains water; hypertonic means cell loses water.

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Selective Permeability

The cell membrane allows some substances to pass while restricting others.

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Epithelial Tissue Functions

Epithelial tissue protects, absorbs, filters, excretes, secretes, and senses.

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Blast vs. Cyte Cells

Blast refers to immature cells; cyte refers to mature cells.

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Study Notes

pH Scale

  • Measures hydrogen ions.
  • Blood pH: 7.4
  • pH 7: Neutral
  • pH < 7: Acidic
  • pH > 7: Basic

Macromolecules and Functions

  • Carbohydrates: Cellular fuel (e.g., glucose)
  • Lipids: (Function unspecified)
  • Proteins: (Function unspecified)
  • Nucleic Acids: (Function unspecified)

Anatomical Position

  • Body erect.
  • Palms facing forward.
  • Feet slightly apart.
  • Thumbs to the sides.

Body Quadrants and Organs

  • LUQ (Left Upper Quadrant): Stomach
  • LLQ (Left Lower Quadrant): Small intestine
  • RUQ (Right Upper Quadrant): Liver
  • RLQ (Right Lower Quadrant): Appendix

Signs of Inflammation

  • Redness
  • Heat
  • Swelling
  • Pain
  • Impairment of function

Homeostasis

  • Maintaining relatively stable internal conditions despite environmental changes.
  • Nervous and endocrine systems communicate through nerve impulses and hormones.

Feedback Mechanisms

  • Negative Feedback: Response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus (e.g., glucose regulation, body temperature).
  • Positive Feedback: Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus (e.g., childbirth, blood clotting).

Tonicity

  • Hypotonic: Cell gains water.
  • Hypertonic: Cell loses water, shrinks.
  • Isotonic: No net movement of water, cell size maintained.

Selective Permeability

  • Allows some materials to pass freely.
  • Restricts materials based on size, charge, shape, and lipid solubility.

Epithelial Tissue Functions and Locations

  • Protection: Skin
  • Absorption: Small intestine
  • Filtration: Lungs
  • Excretion: Kidneys, sweat glands
  • Secretion: Glands
  • Sensory reception: Skin, nose, eyes

Muscle Tissue Types and Characteristics

  • Skeletal: Attached to bone, voluntary movement.
  • Cardiac: Heart, involuntary.
  • Smooth: Walls of hollow organs, involuntary.

Tissue Regeneration

  • Regenerate: Bone, epithelial tissue.
  • No Regeneration: Cardiac muscle, nerve tissue.

Passive Transport

  • Simple Diffusion: High to low concentration.
  • Facilitated Diffusion: High to low concentration, with protein assistance.
  • Osmosis: Water movement across a selectively permeable membrane.

Endocrine vs. Exocrine Glands

(Information missing from the flashcards)

Blast and Cyte Cells

  • Blast: Immature cell type.
  • Cyte: Mature cell type.

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