Biology Quiz: pH, Macromolecules, Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

What does the pH scale measure?

Hydrogen ions

What is the normal pH of blood?

7.4

Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule?

  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Water (correct)

    • What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

    <p>Cellular fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids?

    <p>Transport of nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins?

    <p>Building and repairing tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

    <p>Storing and transmitting genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the anatomical position?

    <p>Thumbs pointing inward (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following body quadrants with their corresponding organs.

    <p>Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) = Stomach Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) = Small Intestine Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) = Liver Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) = Appendix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?

    <p>Numbness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of homeostasis?

    <p>Maintenance of a stable internal environment despite continuous changes in the external environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of negative feedback?

    <p>Childbirth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?

    <p>Childbirth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what will happen?

    <p>The cell will swell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A selectively permeable membrane allows all substances to pass freely.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

    <p>Contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of epithelial tissue with their primary location.

    <p>Skin = Protection Small Intestine = Absorption Lungs = Filtration Kidneys, Sweat Glands = Excretion Glands = Secretion Skin, Nose, Eyes = Sensory Reception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of muscle tissue?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of muscle tissue with their characteristics.

    <p>Skeletal muscle = Attached to bones, voluntary control Cardiac muscle = Found in the heart, involuntary control Smooth muscle = Found in the walls of hollow organs, involuntary control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tissues can regenerate?

    <p>A and B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of passive transport?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Passive transport moves substances from a low concentration area to a high concentration area.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

    <p>Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that lead to a body surface or cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell types with their characteristics.

    <p>Blast cells = Immature, actively dividing cells Cyte cells = Mature, specialized cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    pH scale

    Measures hydrogen ion concentration in solutions.

    Blood pH

    Normal range: 7.35 - 7.45, average is 7.4.

    Carbohydrates

    Primary source of energy; glucose is the main type.

    Lipids

    Store energy, form cell membranes, and act as hormones.

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    Proteins

    Essential for structure, function, and regulation of body tissues.

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    Nucleic Acids

    DNA and RNA; store and transmit genetic information.

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    Anatomical Position

    Body standing erect with palms facing forward.

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    Four Quadrants of Abdomen

    RUQ: liver, LUQ: stomach, RLQ: appendix, LLQ: intestine.

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    Signs of Inflammation

    Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function.

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    Homeostasis

    Stable internal conditions maintained despite changes.

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    Negative Feedback Mechanism

    Reduces or stops the original stimulus.

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    Positive Feedback Mechanism

    Enhances or increases the original stimulus.

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    Hypotonic Solution

    Causes cells to gain water.

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    Hypertonic Solution

    Causes cells to lose water and shrink.

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    Isotonic Solution

    No net movement of water into or out of cells.

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    Selectively Permeable Membrane

    Allows certain materials to pass while blocking others.

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    Functions of Epithelial Tissue

    Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception.

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    Skeletal Muscle

    Voluntary muscle attached to bones.

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    Cardiac Muscle

    Involuntary muscle found in the heart.

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    Smooth Muscle

    Involuntary muscle found in hollow organs.

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    Regeneration

    Ability to grow back; occurs in bone and epithelial tissues.

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    Non-regenerative Tissue

    Cardiac and nerve tissues do not regenerate.

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    Passive Transport

    Movement of substances across cell membranes without energy.

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    Simple Diffusion

    Movement of small, nonpolar molecules across the membrane.

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    Facilitated Diffusion

    Movement across the membrane with the help of transport proteins.

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    Osmosis

    Specific diffusion of water across a membrane.

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    Endocrine vs Exocrine

    Endocrine: hormones into blood; Exocrine: substances to surfaces (e.g., sweat).

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    Blast Cells

    Immature cells capable of division and growth.

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    Cyte Cells

    Mature, differentiated cells.

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    Neutral pH

    A pH level of 7, indicating neither acidity nor alkalinity.

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    Acidic pH

    pH levels below 7, indicating higher acidity.

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    Basic pH

    pH levels above 7, indicating more alkalinity.

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    LUQ Organs

    Left Upper Quadrant contains organs like the stomach.

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    RUQ Organs

    Right Upper Quadrant contains the liver and gallbladder.

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    Tonicity Concepts

    Hypotonic means cell gains water; hypertonic means cell loses water.

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    Selective Permeability

    The cell membrane allows some substances to pass while restricting others.

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    Epithelial Tissue Functions

    Epithelial tissue protects, absorbs, filters, excretes, secretes, and senses.

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    Blast vs. Cyte Cells

    Blast refers to immature cells; cyte refers to mature cells.

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    Study Notes

    pH Scale

    • Measures hydrogen ions.
    • Blood pH: 7.4
    • pH 7: Neutral
    • pH < 7: Acidic
    • pH > 7: Basic

    Macromolecules and Functions

    • Carbohydrates: Cellular fuel (e.g., glucose)
    • Lipids: (Function unspecified)
    • Proteins: (Function unspecified)
    • Nucleic Acids: (Function unspecified)

    Anatomical Position

    • Body erect.
    • Palms facing forward.
    • Feet slightly apart.
    • Thumbs to the sides.

    Body Quadrants and Organs

    • LUQ (Left Upper Quadrant): Stomach
    • LLQ (Left Lower Quadrant): Small intestine
    • RUQ (Right Upper Quadrant): Liver
    • RLQ (Right Lower Quadrant): Appendix

    Signs of Inflammation

    • Redness
    • Heat
    • Swelling
    • Pain
    • Impairment of function

    Homeostasis

    • Maintaining relatively stable internal conditions despite environmental changes.
    • Nervous and endocrine systems communicate through nerve impulses and hormones.

    Feedback Mechanisms

    • Negative Feedback: Response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus (e.g., glucose regulation, body temperature).
    • Positive Feedback: Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus (e.g., childbirth, blood clotting).

    Tonicity

    • Hypotonic: Cell gains water.
    • Hypertonic: Cell loses water, shrinks.
    • Isotonic: No net movement of water, cell size maintained.

    Selective Permeability

    • Allows some materials to pass freely.
    • Restricts materials based on size, charge, shape, and lipid solubility.

    Epithelial Tissue Functions and Locations

    • Protection: Skin
    • Absorption: Small intestine
    • Filtration: Lungs
    • Excretion: Kidneys, sweat glands
    • Secretion: Glands
    • Sensory reception: Skin, nose, eyes

    Muscle Tissue Types and Characteristics

    • Skeletal: Attached to bone, voluntary movement.
    • Cardiac: Heart, involuntary.
    • Smooth: Walls of hollow organs, involuntary.

    Tissue Regeneration

    • Regenerate: Bone, epithelial tissue.
    • No Regeneration: Cardiac muscle, nerve tissue.

    Passive Transport

    • Simple Diffusion: High to low concentration.
    • Facilitated Diffusion: High to low concentration, with protein assistance.
    • Osmosis: Water movement across a selectively permeable membrane.

    Endocrine vs. Exocrine Glands

    (Information missing from the flashcards)

    Blast and Cyte Cells

    • Blast: Immature cell type.
    • Cyte: Mature cell type.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on essential biological concepts including the pH scale, macromolecules, anatomical position, body quadrants, signs of inflammation, and the mechanisms of homeostasis. This quiz will challenge your understanding of these fundamental topics in biology.

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