Biology Quiz on Cell Functions and Signaling

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Questions and Answers

What is the correct order of a negative feedback loop's function?

Change in physiology drives critical physiological factor back to normal levels (correct)

Detection of a change in a critical physiological factor (correct)

Signal sent to effector cell (correct)

Effector cell causes change in physiology (correct)

How do unsaturated fatty acids affect the fluidity of the cell membrane?

Unsaturated fatty acids interact with integral membrane proteins more effectively than saturated fatty acids.

Unsaturated fatty acids increase the fluidity of the cell membrane. (correct)

Unsaturated fatty acids decrease the fluidity of the cell membrane.

It wouldn’t have any notable effect.

Which of the following statements correctly compares the lysosome and the proteasome?

The proteasome degrades proteins using enzymes. (correct)

The lysosome constructs free fatty acids used in the cell.

The proteasome is designed to break down all four types of biomolecules with enzymes and acid.

The lysosome breaks down all four types of biomolecules with enzymes and acid. (correct)

Energy release from ATP occurs through which process?

Hydrolysis of the first two phosphate groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective way to counteract forgetting?

Testing yourself Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of cell signaling occurs between closely situated nerve cells?

Synaptic Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristics of oxygen make it membrane permeable?

Uncharged and small Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the ribosome complex during protein synthesis?

Transcription factor Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gene transcription?

To create mRNA from DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which biomolecule primarily serves as the main source for long-term energy storage?

Lipids Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a hypertonic solution?

Higher concentration of solutes outside the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as a major tissue type in the human body?

Hormonal Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct anatomical term for the body's position with feet parallel and palms outward?

Anatomical position Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule forms the basic building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Where are chaperone proteins predominantly found in a cell?

Cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptor signaling do hormones primarily utilize?

Nuclear receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about channel proteins is true?

They can be either active or passive Signup and view all the answers

How does neuroplasticity primarily occur in the nervous system?

By creating new synaptic connections Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction is responsible for preventing molecules from passing from one cell to another?

Tight junctions Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogenous base pairing is NOT found in DNA?

A - U Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive feedback loop generally do to a physiological factor?

Magnifies a change in the physiological factor Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Negative Feedback Loops

Function in order: detection of a change in a critical physiological factor, signal sent to effector cell, effector cell causes change in physiology, change in physiology drives critical physiological factor back to normal levels.

Cell Membrane Fluidity

Replacing saturated fatty acids with unsaturated fatty acids increases cell membrane fluidity.

Lysosome vs. Proteasome

Lysosomes break down all four types of biomolecules using enzymes and acid.

ATP Hydrolysis

Energy is released by ATP from the hydrolysis of the first two phosphate groups. (False)

Memory Retention

Testing yourself effectively offsets forgetting.

Cell Signaling

Nerve cells use paracrine signaling due to their close proximity.

Membrane Permeability of Oxygen

Oxygen is membrane permeable because it is small, hydrophobic, and uncharged

Ribosome Components

Transcription factors are not part of the ribosome complex during protein synthesis.

Sagittal Cut

A sagittal cut separates the body into right and left portions.

Gene Transcription vs. Translation

Gene transcription produces mRNA; gene translation produces proteins.

Energy Storage

Lipids are responsible for long-term energy storage.

Extracellular Fluid

Interstitial fluid is the largest component of extracellular fluid.

Solutions and Osmolarity

Hypertonic refers to a situation where non-permeable solutes are higher outside the cell.

Major Tissue Types

Blood is a major tissue type in the body.

Body Cavities

The thoracic cavity contains both the heart and lungs.

Characteristics of Life

Nucleic acids are not a characteristic of life (in this context).

Sodium-Potassium Pump

The sodium-potassium pump moves 3 K+ ions and 2 Na+ ions against their concentration gradients. (True)

Anatomical Position

Anatomical position is characterized by standing upright, feet parallel, eyes forward, and palms outward.

Voluntary Muscle Contraction

Skeletal muscle contraction is voluntary.

Hormone Receptors

Hormones, being small hydrophobic molecules, use metabotropic receptor signaling.

Nitrogenous Bases (DNA)

A, T, G, and C pairings are observed in DNA; A-U is found in RNA.

Complexity Levels

Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems

Caffeine and Adenosine

Caffeine works by increasing adenosine levels in the body. (False)

Cell Junctions

Matching junctions to their roles:
- Adherens junctions: Flexible attachments involving cadherins
- Desmosomes: Anchors cells together
- Tight junctions: Important where molecules shouldn't pass.
- Gap junctions: Direct cell-cell communication
- Hemidesmosomes: Anchors cells to the basement membrane

Biomolecule for Protein Formation

Amino acids form proteins.

Chaperone Protein Location

Chaperone proteins are found in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.

Phospholipid Structure

The head of a phospholipid is hydrophilic; the tail is hydrophobic. (True)

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity involves strengthening, weakening, and creating new neuronal connections.

Channel Protein Activity

Channel proteins can be passive. (True)

Transmembrane Protein Location

Transmembrane proteins span the cell membrane from one side to the other.

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Description

Test your knowledge on crucial biological concepts including negative feedback loops, cell membrane fluidity, and the differences between lysosomes and proteasomes. This quiz covers various aspects of cell signaling and membrane permeability among other topics, providing a comprehensive overview of cellular functions.