Biology Quiz

Attributes of Living Organisms

• Growth and development, response to stimuli, and metabolism are attributes of living organisms.
• Reproduction is also an attribute of living organisms, which means that the inability to reproduce is not an attribute.

Homeostasis

• Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes

• Prokaryotes are a type of cell, and E. coli is an example of a prokaryote.
• Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus.

Eukaryotes

• Eukaryotes are a type of cell, and humans, oak trees, and mushrooms are examples of eukaryotes.
• Eukaryotes have a nucleus and mitochondria.
• Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have ribosomes.

Evolutionary Timeline

• Prokaryotes first appeared approximately 3.5 billion years ago in the evolutionary timeline.

Viruses

• Viruses lack cellular structure, which sets them apart from prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Scientific Method

Steps

• The steps of the scientific method are: making an observation, forming a hypothesis, conducting an experiment, and drawing a conclusion.

Hypothesis versus Theory

Hypothesis

• A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that can be tested by experiments or observations.

Theory

• A theory is a well-tested and widely accepted explanation of some aspect of the natural world.
• A theory differs from a hypothesis in that it is more comprehensive and widely accepted.

Atomic Structure

Subatomic Particles

• The three main subatomic particles of an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Atomic Number

• The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in the nucleus.

Atomic Mass

• The atomic mass of an element represents the average mass of all isotopes of the element.

Isotopes

• If the number of neutrons in an atom changes, the atom becomes an isotope.

Ions

• If the number of electrons in an atom changes, the atom becomes an ion.

Molecules and Types of Bonds

Ionic Interactions

• Ionic interactions are based on the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
• NaCl is an example of an ionic bond.

Covalent Interactions

• Covalent interactions are based on the sharing of electrons.
• The two main types of covalent bonds are polar and nonpolar.