Biology Quiz: Microscopes and Cell Theory

Living organisms are made of cells. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization. Cells come from pre-existing cells.

Lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Stores DNA & controls cell activities.

Provides support & protection (plants).

Two layers of phospholipids in cell membranes.

Mostly lipids (phospholipids) and proteins.

The magnification setting used to view very small details like a cell's nucleus.

The magnification setting used to view larger objects or the overall structure of a specimen.

Objects viewed under a microscope appear upside down and inverted.

The knob on a microscope used to quickly bring the object into focus.

The knob on a microscope used to make precise adjustments to the focus for a sharper image.

A membrane that lets some substances pass through while blocking others.

A measure of how much surface area a cell has compared to its volume.

As a cell grows, its surface area to volume ratio decreases, making it harder for the cell to exchange substances efficiently.

The process by which a cell divides into two smaller cells, maintaining the efficiency of material exchange.

Describes the cell membrane as a fluid structure with proteins embedded in a lipid bilayer that allows for the rapid movement of molecules.

Is found by multiplying the objective lens and ocular lens magnifications to get the total magnification.

Low power : 4x, Medium power: 10x, High Power : 40x

Movement of molecules from a high concentration area to a low concentration area.

Movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

Movement of molecules across a membrane with the help of transport proteins, from high to low concentration.

Movement of molecules across a membrane against the concentration gradient (low to high concentration), requiring energy.

A solution with a lower concentration of solute outside the cell than inside.

A solution with a higher concentration of solute outside the cell than inside.

A solution with an equal concentration of solute inside and outside the cell.

The cell membrane's ability to control which substances can enter and leave the cell.

Drinking too much water can lead to a hypotonic solution in the body, where water moves into cells, potentially causing them to burst (lysis).

The state where the concentration of molecules on each side of the cell membrane is equal, and the movement of particles is balanced.

Active transport requires energy and moves molecules against their concentration gradient. Diffusion doesn't need energy and moves molecules down their gradient.

Water moves into the cell when the surrounding solution is hypotonic, causing the cell to swell.

In a hypotonic solution, animal cells swell, while in a hypertonic solution, they shrink.

Celery wilts in salt water because the water inside the cells moves out into the hypertonic solution, causing the cells to shrink.

The shrinkage of a plant cell's cytoplasm and pulling away of the cell membrane from the cell wall due to water loss in a hypertonic environment.

The pressure exerted by the cell's contents against the cell wall, caused by water intake in a hypotonic environment.

The bursting of a cell due to excessive water intake in a hypotonic environment.

A type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs large solid particles, such as bacteria or food.

A type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs fluids and dissolved substances.