Biology Quiz: Microorganisms and Processes

Words to Learn

• Oxygen: Colorless gas, part of the air we breathe.
• Carbon dioxide: Colorless gas, breathed out during respiration, used by plants.
• Host: Living organism a parasite infects.
• Bacteria: Tiny organisms that can cause disease.
• Parasite: Tiny organism that infects a host.
• Fungi: Living organisms that obtain energy from the environment.
• Infection: To cause something to pass from one place to another.
• Transmit: To spread a disease.
• Vector: Organism (like an insect) that spreads a disease.
• Physical barrier: Prevents germs from entering the body (e.g., skin).
• Chemical barrier: Destroys germs on body surfaces (e.g., mucus).
• Mucus: Slimy substance in the body.
• Microorganisms/Microbes: Tiny living organisms not visible to the naked eye.
• Fertilization: Joining of male and female sex cells.
• Hormones: Chemicals in the body that cause changes.
• Menstruation: Release of an unfertilized egg and uterine lining.
• Ova: Female sex cells.
• Puberty: Age when a person can reproduce.
• Reproductive system: Body parts involved in reproduction.
• Sperm: Male sex cells.

Respiratory System

• Function: Allows breathing in oxygen and out carbon dioxide.
• Organs: Nose, trachea, lungs, diaphragm.
• Breathing process: Inhalation (breathing in) and exhalation (breathing out).
• Diaphragm: Muscle that assists in breathing.
• Respiratory Disorders: Examples - asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia.
• Maintaining health: Avoid smoking, good air quality, exercise, and hygiene.

Reproductive System

• Changes During Puberty: Boys and girls experience changes, enabling reproduction.
• Reproductive System's Role: Produce cells needed for reproduction.
• Boys: Produce sperm (male sex cells).
• Girls: Develop eggs/ova (female sex cells).
• Fertilization: Sperm and egg join to create a new living being.

Puberty

• What is Puberty? The stage in life when the body changes enabling reproduction.
• Why Does Puberty Happen? Caused by hormones.
• Growth Spurt: Rapid growth during puberty, with variations for boys and girls.
• Changes in Hair: Hair growth in various areas (e.g., face, armpits).
• Skin Changes: Oily skin, pimples.
• Changes in Boys: Broader shoulders, chest, muscle development, deeper voice.
• Changes in Girls: Wider hips, breast development, deeper (less pronounced) voice

Male Reproductive System

• Includes: Testes (produce sperm), sperm duct, and penis.

Female Reproductive System

• Includes: Ovaries (produce ova), uterus, oviducts (where fertilization occurs), and birth canal.

Microorganisms

• Bacteria: Single-celled organisms in various environments. Some are beneficial; others cause disease.
• Viruses: Not considered living, replicate by infecting host cells.
• Fungi: Multicellular organisms involved in decomposition.
• Parasites: Live on or inside other organisms.

Infectious Diseases

• Illnesses caused by tiny germs (bacteria, viruses, or parasites).
• Spread by air, water, touch, or insects.
• Symptoms include: fever, cough, tiredness, stomach issues.
• Mucus traps germs.

Body Defenses

• Skin: Barrier to prevent germs from entering the body.
• Acid in Stomach: Kills germs in food.