Questions and Answers
What is the term for the ability of a living thing to keep conditions inside its body constant?
What is a large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together called?
What is the nutrient cycle?
The movement of materials (nutrients) in a local ecosystem.
Define 'Organism.'
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'polar' mean in a chemical context?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'hydrophobic' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a solute?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of 'decomposer'?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Greenhouse effect?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'photosynthesis' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is 'cellular respiration'?
Signup and view all the answers
Define 'metabolism.'
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Homeostasis and Biological Processes
- Homeostasis: Essential for maintaining stable internal conditions in living organisms.
- Polymer: Large molecules formed from smaller monomer units, fundamental in biological structures.
- Nutrient Cycle: Crucial for ecosystem health, involving the movement of nutrients within local systems.
- Metabolism: Encompasses all chemical reactions that sustain life, including both anabolic and catabolic processes.
Molecular Interactions
- Polar vs. Non-polar: Polar molecules have unequal charge distribution, while non-polar molecules have no net charge.
- Charged: Refers to molecules with an excess (negative) or deficiency (positive) of electrons.
- Hydrogen Bond: A weak bond between a hydrogen atom and electronegative atoms, significant for water and biological molecules.
Cell Structure and Function
- Organelles: Specialized cellular structures performing essential tasks to sustain life.
- Macromolecule: Refers to large, complex biological molecules essential for life, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
- Enzymes: Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions, crucial for metabolic pathways.
Ecosystem Dynamics
- Ecosystem: Interactions between communities of organisms and their physical environment.
- Trophic Levels: Hierarchical levels within a food chain, illustrating energy transfer from producers to consumers.
- Food Web: A complex network of interrelated food chains showing multiple feeding relationships.
Nutrition and Energy Flow
- Autotroph: Organisms capable of converting inorganic substances into organic matter through processes like photosynthesis.
- Heterotroph: Organisms relying on consuming other living things for energy.
- 10% Rule: At each trophic level, only around 10% of the energy is passed onto the next level, highlighting energy loss.
Water and its Properties
- Capillary Action: The ability of water to rise in narrow spaces due to cohesion and adhesion.
- Surface Tension: A force created by cohesion that allows droplets to form and resist external force.
- Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic: Materials that love (hydrophilic) or fear (hydrophobic) water, impacting molecular interactions.
Climate and Environmental Impact
- Greenhouse Effect: Natural warming phenomenon caused by atmospheric gases trapping solar radiation.
- Global Climate Change: Broad alterations in Earth's climate patterns due to increased greenhouse gas emissions.
- Ecological Footprint: Measures individual or community impact on the Earth, quantifying natural resource use.
Digestion and Absorption
- Digestion Types: Mechanical digestion involves physical processes, while chemical digestion occurs through enzymatic reactions.
- Chyme: Semi-liquid mass of partially digested food moving from the stomach to the small intestine.
- Villi: Small projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
Digestive System Components
- Saliva: Contains enzymes like amylase that initiate starch digestion in the mouth.
- Stomach: Muscular organ where digestion of proteins begins through enzymes like pepsin.
- Pancreas: Produces digestive enzymes (e.g., trypsin, lipase) and hormones, playing a critical role in digestion and metabolism.
Laws of Thermodynamics
- 1st Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
- 2nd Law: Energy transformations are inefficient, with energy loss typically as heat, influencing biological processes.
Other Key Concepts
- Nitrogen Fixation: Process by which certain soil bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen for plant use.
- Peristalsis: Wave-like muscle contractions that transport food through the digestive tract.
- Lock and Key Model: Describes enzyme specificity where each enzyme is tailored to a specific substrate.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge with this biology quiz featuring vital terms such as homeostasis, polymer, nutrient cycle, and organism. Each term is defined to help reinforce your understanding of core biological concepts. Perfect for students looking to solidify their grasp on essential biology vocabulary.