Biology Quiz: Evolution and Cell Theory

<p>Natural selection is one of many mechanisms that contribute to evolution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA and RNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both theories are based on the idea that all living things are interconnected and share a common ancestry. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In everyday use, a theory is a guess or speculation, while in science, it is a well-supported explanation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells are the fundamental units of life, and evolution is the process by which they have changed and diversified over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased intelligence within a population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenotype (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gradual accumulation of changes leading to major evolutionary transitions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural selection favors traits that make an organism better adapted to its environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The evolution of whales from land-dwelling ancestors over millions of years. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small changes over long periods can result in significant evolutionary changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptability to change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotes do not have internal compartments and eukaryotes do. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endosymbiogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA acts as both a carrier of genetic information and an enzyme. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protocells are the first self-organized structures that exhibit some properties of life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multicellularity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abiogenesis is the process by which the first living cells arose from non-living matter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA was the original genetic material in the earliest forms of life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 - 180 μm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 Ǻ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells are microscopic and require special tools to be observed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angstrom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell size is often correlated with its function, with specialized cells having tailored sizes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding the origin of the universe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic drift (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It supports the idea of a common ancestor for all living organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural selection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microevolution is a subset of macroevolution, focusing on smaller changes within a species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arm of a human and the wing of a bat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different species evolving similar traits due to similar environmental pressures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows that species are distributed across the globe in patterns that reflect their evolutionary history. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endosymbiogenesis provided a mechanism for the development of new organelles within eukaryotes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of a nucleus in cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abiogenesis, RNA world, protocells, prokaryotes, endosymbiogenesis, eukaryotes, multicellularity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It saw a rapid diversification of multicellular life forms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multicellularity provides a significant selective advantage in various environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allowed for greater genetic diversity within a population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multicellularity is a less efficient way of achieving a complex structure compared to specialized eukaryotic cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A unifying theory explaining how species evolve through heritable traits that provide reproductive advantages.

A fundamental concept in biology stating that all living organisms are composed of cells.

The process by which individuals with favorable traits reproduce more successfully than others.

An expansion of cell theory, including principles like cells being the smallest unit of life and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Characteristics that are passed from parent to offspring, playing a crucial role in evolution.

The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes.

A species from which different species have evolved, emphasizing the connections between species.

Molecules that carry genetic information and are essential for heredity and cellular functions.

All cells share four basic features: plasma membrane, cytosol, genetic material, and ribosomes.

Cell metabolism refers to chemical pathways that convert energy into biochemical work.

A micrometer is one millionth of a meter, commonly used to measure small objects like cells.

A nanometer is one billionth of a meter, often used in biology to measure wavelengths of light.

An angstrom is ten billionths of a meter, used to measure atomic sizes and bond lengths.

Studying cells helps understand organism functionality, health, and disease treatment.

Evolution is a key theme that explains the diversity and complexity of life and connects biological concepts.

The ability of an organism to adjust to changes in its environment.

The smallest group that can evolve, consisting of individuals of the same species.

An environmental factor that affects which individuals survive and reproduce.

The observable characteristics or traits of an organism, resulting from genotype and environment.

The genetic constitution of an individual organism; the inherited information.

The process of evolution driven by natural selection acting on the phenotype within changing environments.

Large evolutionary changes that result from the accumulation of microevolutionary changes over time.

The principle that organisms evolve from common ancestors with changes over time.

Similarity in traits due to shared ancestry.

Observation of how favorable traits become more common through survival and reproduction.

The process where unrelated species independently evolve similar traits.

The study of the geographic distribution of species and ecosystems.

The DNA code that is the same across all living organisms, indicating a common ancestry.

The process by which life arises naturally from non-living matter under prebiotic conditions.

Simple, membrane-bound structures that may have provided the conditions necessary for the first forms of life.

The hypothesis that RNA was the first molecule to store genetic information and support life.

Single-celled organisms without a nucleus or organelles, existing for 2.1 billion years.

The process by which certain prokaryotic cells became incorporated into larger cells, leading to the formation of eukaryotes.

Complex cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, evolved from prokaryotes.

The condition of being composed of multiple cells, allowing for specialization and complexity.

Four classes of biological macromolecules crucial for life: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Includes improved size, protection, division of labor, and increased complexity.