Biology: Pteridophyta and Cycadopsida
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Questions and Answers

Gymnosperms produce flowers and seeds.

False

The term 'Gymno' means 'seed' in Greek.

False

There are four divisions of gymnosperms.

True

In the Philippines, there are 5 classes of gymnosperms.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Gnetophyta division contains only gymnosperms that possess vessels.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pinus longaeva is the longest lived tree in the Pinaceae family.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Angiosperms are characterized by producing cones and seeds.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The largest and oldest living organisms in the world are gymnosperms.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gymnosperms inhabit a limited range of environments.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Angiosperms constitute the largest and most conspicuous group of modern plants.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tropical moist-deciduous forest occurs in areas where water availability is abundant

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cocos nucifera is a common species found in Beach Forest

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Forest over ultramafic rocks occurs in soil rich in oxygen

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kuroshio current is a cold water flowing southward along the eastern coast of the Philippines

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mangrove Forest occurs in sandy and gravelly beaches of the seacoast

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pandanus tectorius is a species found in Beach Forest

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Scaevola micrantha is a unique flora found in Forest over ultramafic rocks

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Xanthostemon vedugonianus is a species of iron wood found in Mangrove Forest

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Monocots are characterized by having scattered vascular bundles and one cotyledon.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Angiosperms have double fertilization, resulting in a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fossil record of angiosperms dates back to the Jurassic period.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Amborella trichopoda is considered the most basal angiosperm, characterized by carpels that are closed at the tips.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rosids are characterized by having well-developed stipules and anthers that are articulated.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asterids are characterized by having petals that are separate.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Liliopsida, also known as monocots, have seeds that contain two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The clade that contains many important food plants that fix nitrogen is called Eudicots.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Philippines is home to about 1,000 species of monocots.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The western side of the Philippine archipelago, including Palawan, has a humid climate.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genetic diversity refers to the variation of all living forms at the genetic level.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genetic diversity plays an important role in the adaptation of organisms to environmental changes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The gene is a storage facility for water in an organism.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sum total of the genes in each organism that inhabit the earth is called genetic diversity.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genetic diversity only refers to variation at the species level.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

All living forms on earth have the same genetic makeup.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cycads are commonly known as ferns that has about 12,000 species primarily in the tropics.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

All species of cycads are monoecious.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The division Pteridophyta includes ferns and cycads.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The classification of ferns includes three classes: Ophioglossopsida, Marattiopsida, and Filicopsida.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ferns have about 145 genera and 930 species.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conifers are commonly referred to as flowering plants that bear cones.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The division Coniferophyta or Pinophyta has the least variety of species among gymnosperms.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

All species of conifers have needle-like leaves.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gymnosperms

  • Division Pteridophyta: also known as ferns, with 12,000 species, primarily found in the tropics, divided into three classes: Ophioglossopsida, Marattiopsida, and Filicopsida (true ferns).
  • Division Coniferophyta or Pinophyta: commonly referred to as conifers, bear cones, with the greatest variety of species among gymnosperms, divided into two classes: Coniferopsida and Taxopsida.
  • Division Cycadophyta: represented by a single class, Cycadopsida, with 185 species, all species of cycads are dioecious.
  • Division Gnetophyta: contains only gymnosperms that possess vessels and undergo double fertilization, represented by four species under the genus Gnetum.

Angiosperms

  • Characteristics: flowerless plants that produce seeds, seeds not enclosed in a carpel, vessels in wood, and double fertilization.
  • Taxonomic Hierarchy: Kingdom Plantae, Division Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta, Classes Liliopsida (Monocots) and Magnoliopsida (Dicots).
  • Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms): collectively called flowering plants, constitute the largest and most conspicuous group of modern plants, predominate in number of species and constitute the dominant vegetation of the Earth.

Monocots

  • Characteristics: perianth usually in threes, parallel leaf venation, scattered vascular bundles, one cotyledon, adventitious roots.
  • Examples: grasses, orchids, palms, and zingibers.

Basal Angiosperms

  • Characteristics: shared "primitive" characters (symplesiomorphy) by Amborellales and Nymphaeales, apocarpous carpels, no vessels in wood.
  • Examples: Amborella trichopoda, the most basal angiosperm, from New Caledonia, shrub, wood without vessels, carpels separate.

Eudicots

  • Characteristics: triaperturate pollen, well-differentiated sepals and petals, often in 5's, slender filaments.
  • Examples: Ranunculales, Saxifragales, Caryophyllales, Rosids, and Asterids.

Tropical Forest Formations in the Philippines

  • 12 formations: Beach Forest, Mangrove Forest, Forest over ultramafic rocks, and others, each with unique characteristics and species adaptations.

Genetic Diversity

  • Variation of all living forms at the genetic level, including chromosomes, genes, alleles, or nucleic acids within the cells of organisms.
  • Plays an important role in the adaptation of organisms to environmental changes.
  • The sum total of the genes in each organism that inhabit the earth, with genes acting as a storage facility for genetic information.

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This quiz covers the characteristics and classification of Pteridophyta and Cycadopsida, including their unique features and species distribution.

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