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Questions and Answers
Gymnosperms produce flowers and seeds.
Gymnosperms produce flowers and seeds.
False (B)
The term 'Gymno' means 'seed' in Greek.
The term 'Gymno' means 'seed' in Greek.
False (B)
There are four divisions of gymnosperms.
There are four divisions of gymnosperms.
True (A)
In the Philippines, there are 5 classes of gymnosperms.
In the Philippines, there are 5 classes of gymnosperms.
The Gnetophyta division contains only gymnosperms that possess vessels.
The Gnetophyta division contains only gymnosperms that possess vessels.
Pinus longaeva is the longest lived tree in the Pinaceae family.
Pinus longaeva is the longest lived tree in the Pinaceae family.
Angiosperms are characterized by producing cones and seeds.
Angiosperms are characterized by producing cones and seeds.
The largest and oldest living organisms in the world are gymnosperms.
The largest and oldest living organisms in the world are gymnosperms.
Gymnosperms inhabit a limited range of environments.
Gymnosperms inhabit a limited range of environments.
Angiosperms constitute the largest and most conspicuous group of modern plants.
Angiosperms constitute the largest and most conspicuous group of modern plants.
Tropical moist-deciduous forest occurs in areas where water availability is abundant
Tropical moist-deciduous forest occurs in areas where water availability is abundant
Cocos nucifera is a common species found in Beach Forest
Cocos nucifera is a common species found in Beach Forest
Forest over ultramafic rocks occurs in soil rich in oxygen
Forest over ultramafic rocks occurs in soil rich in oxygen
Kuroshio current is a cold water flowing southward along the eastern coast of the Philippines
Kuroshio current is a cold water flowing southward along the eastern coast of the Philippines
Mangrove Forest occurs in sandy and gravelly beaches of the seacoast
Mangrove Forest occurs in sandy and gravelly beaches of the seacoast
Pandanus tectorius is a species found in Beach Forest
Pandanus tectorius is a species found in Beach Forest
Scaevola micrantha is a unique flora found in Forest over ultramafic rocks
Scaevola micrantha is a unique flora found in Forest over ultramafic rocks
Xanthostemon vedugonianus is a species of iron wood found in Mangrove Forest
Xanthostemon vedugonianus is a species of iron wood found in Mangrove Forest
Monocots are characterized by having scattered vascular bundles and one cotyledon.
Monocots are characterized by having scattered vascular bundles and one cotyledon.
Angiosperms have double fertilization, resulting in a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.
Angiosperms have double fertilization, resulting in a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.
The fossil record of angiosperms dates back to the Jurassic period.
The fossil record of angiosperms dates back to the Jurassic period.
Amborella trichopoda is considered the most basal angiosperm, characterized by carpels that are closed at the tips.
Amborella trichopoda is considered the most basal angiosperm, characterized by carpels that are closed at the tips.
Rosids are characterized by having well-developed stipules and anthers that are articulated.
Rosids are characterized by having well-developed stipules and anthers that are articulated.
Asterids are characterized by having petals that are separate.
Asterids are characterized by having petals that are separate.
Liliopsida, also known as monocots, have seeds that contain two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.
Liliopsida, also known as monocots, have seeds that contain two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.
The clade that contains many important food plants that fix nitrogen is called Eudicots.
The clade that contains many important food plants that fix nitrogen is called Eudicots.
The Philippines is home to about 1,000 species of monocots.
The Philippines is home to about 1,000 species of monocots.
The western side of the Philippine archipelago, including Palawan, has a humid climate.
The western side of the Philippine archipelago, including Palawan, has a humid climate.
Genetic diversity refers to the variation of all living forms at the genetic level.
Genetic diversity refers to the variation of all living forms at the genetic level.
Genetic diversity plays an important role in the adaptation of organisms to environmental changes.
Genetic diversity plays an important role in the adaptation of organisms to environmental changes.
The gene is a storage facility for water in an organism.
The gene is a storage facility for water in an organism.
The sum total of the genes in each organism that inhabit the earth is called genetic diversity.
The sum total of the genes in each organism that inhabit the earth is called genetic diversity.
Genetic diversity only refers to variation at the species level.
Genetic diversity only refers to variation at the species level.
All living forms on earth have the same genetic makeup.
All living forms on earth have the same genetic makeup.
Cycads are commonly known as ferns that has about 12,000 species primarily in the tropics.
Cycads are commonly known as ferns that has about 12,000 species primarily in the tropics.
All species of cycads are monoecious.
All species of cycads are monoecious.
The division Pteridophyta includes ferns and cycads.
The division Pteridophyta includes ferns and cycads.
The classification of ferns includes three classes: Ophioglossopsida, Marattiopsida, and Filicopsida.
The classification of ferns includes three classes: Ophioglossopsida, Marattiopsida, and Filicopsida.
Ferns have about 145 genera and 930 species.
Ferns have about 145 genera and 930 species.
Conifers are commonly referred to as flowering plants that bear cones.
Conifers are commonly referred to as flowering plants that bear cones.
The division Coniferophyta or Pinophyta has the least variety of species among gymnosperms.
The division Coniferophyta or Pinophyta has the least variety of species among gymnosperms.
All species of conifers have needle-like leaves.
All species of conifers have needle-like leaves.
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Study Notes
Gymnosperms
- Division Pteridophyta: also known as ferns, with 12,000 species, primarily found in the tropics, divided into three classes: Ophioglossopsida, Marattiopsida, and Filicopsida (true ferns).
- Division Coniferophyta or Pinophyta: commonly referred to as conifers, bear cones, with the greatest variety of species among gymnosperms, divided into two classes: Coniferopsida and Taxopsida.
- Division Cycadophyta: represented by a single class, Cycadopsida, with 185 species, all species of cycads are dioecious.
- Division Gnetophyta: contains only gymnosperms that possess vessels and undergo double fertilization, represented by four species under the genus Gnetum.
Angiosperms
- Characteristics: flowerless plants that produce seeds, seeds not enclosed in a carpel, vessels in wood, and double fertilization.
- Taxonomic Hierarchy: Kingdom Plantae, Division Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta, Classes Liliopsida (Monocots) and Magnoliopsida (Dicots).
- Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms): collectively called flowering plants, constitute the largest and most conspicuous group of modern plants, predominate in number of species and constitute the dominant vegetation of the Earth.
Monocots
- Characteristics: perianth usually in threes, parallel leaf venation, scattered vascular bundles, one cotyledon, adventitious roots.
- Examples: grasses, orchids, palms, and zingibers.
Basal Angiosperms
- Characteristics: shared "primitive" characters (symplesiomorphy) by Amborellales and Nymphaeales, apocarpous carpels, no vessels in wood.
- Examples: Amborella trichopoda, the most basal angiosperm, from New Caledonia, shrub, wood without vessels, carpels separate.
Eudicots
- Characteristics: triaperturate pollen, well-differentiated sepals and petals, often in 5's, slender filaments.
- Examples: Ranunculales, Saxifragales, Caryophyllales, Rosids, and Asterids.
Tropical Forest Formations in the Philippines
- 12 formations: Beach Forest, Mangrove Forest, Forest over ultramafic rocks, and others, each with unique characteristics and species adaptations.
Genetic Diversity
- Variation of all living forms at the genetic level, including chromosomes, genes, alleles, or nucleic acids within the cells of organisms.
- Plays an important role in the adaptation of organisms to environmental changes.
- The sum total of the genes in each organism that inhabit the earth, with genes acting as a storage facility for genetic information.
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