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Gymnosperms produce flowers and seeds.
False
The term 'Gymno' means 'seed' in Greek.
False
There are four divisions of gymnosperms.
True
In the Philippines, there are 5 classes of gymnosperms.
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The Gnetophyta division contains only gymnosperms that possess vessels.
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Pinus longaeva is the longest lived tree in the Pinaceae family.
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Angiosperms are characterized by producing cones and seeds.
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The largest and oldest living organisms in the world are gymnosperms.
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Gymnosperms inhabit a limited range of environments.
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Angiosperms constitute the largest and most conspicuous group of modern plants.
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Tropical moist-deciduous forest occurs in areas where water availability is abundant
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Cocos nucifera is a common species found in Beach Forest
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Forest over ultramafic rocks occurs in soil rich in oxygen
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Kuroshio current is a cold water flowing southward along the eastern coast of the Philippines
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Mangrove Forest occurs in sandy and gravelly beaches of the seacoast
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Pandanus tectorius is a species found in Beach Forest
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Scaevola micrantha is a unique flora found in Forest over ultramafic rocks
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Xanthostemon vedugonianus is a species of iron wood found in Mangrove Forest
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Monocots are characterized by having scattered vascular bundles and one cotyledon.
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Angiosperms have double fertilization, resulting in a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.
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The fossil record of angiosperms dates back to the Jurassic period.
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Amborella trichopoda is considered the most basal angiosperm, characterized by carpels that are closed at the tips.
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Rosids are characterized by having well-developed stipules and anthers that are articulated.
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Asterids are characterized by having petals that are separate.
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Liliopsida, also known as monocots, have seeds that contain two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.
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The clade that contains many important food plants that fix nitrogen is called Eudicots.
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The Philippines is home to about 1,000 species of monocots.
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The western side of the Philippine archipelago, including Palawan, has a humid climate.
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Genetic diversity refers to the variation of all living forms at the genetic level.
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Genetic diversity plays an important role in the adaptation of organisms to environmental changes.
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The gene is a storage facility for water in an organism.
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The sum total of the genes in each organism that inhabit the earth is called genetic diversity.
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Genetic diversity only refers to variation at the species level.
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All living forms on earth have the same genetic makeup.
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Cycads are commonly known as ferns that has about 12,000 species primarily in the tropics.
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All species of cycads are monoecious.
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The division Pteridophyta includes ferns and cycads.
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The classification of ferns includes three classes: Ophioglossopsida, Marattiopsida, and Filicopsida.
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Ferns have about 145 genera and 930 species.
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Conifers are commonly referred to as flowering plants that bear cones.
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The division Coniferophyta or Pinophyta has the least variety of species among gymnosperms.
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All species of conifers have needle-like leaves.
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Study Notes
Gymnosperms
- Division Pteridophyta: also known as ferns, with 12,000 species, primarily found in the tropics, divided into three classes: Ophioglossopsida, Marattiopsida, and Filicopsida (true ferns).
- Division Coniferophyta or Pinophyta: commonly referred to as conifers, bear cones, with the greatest variety of species among gymnosperms, divided into two classes: Coniferopsida and Taxopsida.
- Division Cycadophyta: represented by a single class, Cycadopsida, with 185 species, all species of cycads are dioecious.
- Division Gnetophyta: contains only gymnosperms that possess vessels and undergo double fertilization, represented by four species under the genus Gnetum.
Angiosperms
- Characteristics: flowerless plants that produce seeds, seeds not enclosed in a carpel, vessels in wood, and double fertilization.
- Taxonomic Hierarchy: Kingdom Plantae, Division Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta, Classes Liliopsida (Monocots) and Magnoliopsida (Dicots).
- Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms): collectively called flowering plants, constitute the largest and most conspicuous group of modern plants, predominate in number of species and constitute the dominant vegetation of the Earth.
Monocots
- Characteristics: perianth usually in threes, parallel leaf venation, scattered vascular bundles, one cotyledon, adventitious roots.
- Examples: grasses, orchids, palms, and zingibers.
Basal Angiosperms
- Characteristics: shared "primitive" characters (symplesiomorphy) by Amborellales and Nymphaeales, apocarpous carpels, no vessels in wood.
- Examples: Amborella trichopoda, the most basal angiosperm, from New Caledonia, shrub, wood without vessels, carpels separate.
Eudicots
- Characteristics: triaperturate pollen, well-differentiated sepals and petals, often in 5's, slender filaments.
- Examples: Ranunculales, Saxifragales, Caryophyllales, Rosids, and Asterids.
Tropical Forest Formations in the Philippines
- 12 formations: Beach Forest, Mangrove Forest, Forest over ultramafic rocks, and others, each with unique characteristics and species adaptations.
Genetic Diversity
- Variation of all living forms at the genetic level, including chromosomes, genes, alleles, or nucleic acids within the cells of organisms.
- Plays an important role in the adaptation of organisms to environmental changes.
- The sum total of the genes in each organism that inhabit the earth, with genes acting as a storage facility for genetic information.
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Description
This quiz covers the characteristics and classification of Pteridophyta and Cycadopsida, including their unique features and species distribution.
