Podcast
Questions and Answers
_____ is the smallest particle of matter that still retains the properties of an element
_____ is the smallest particle of matter that still retains the properties of an element
Atom
The atomic number of an atom equals?
The atomic number of an atom equals?
The number of protons
______ are atoms with the same number of protons as other varieties with a different number of neutrons
______ are atoms with the same number of protons as other varieties with a different number of neutrons
Isotopes
Which bond types are found in a bottle of protein water? (Select all that apply)
Which bond types are found in a bottle of protein water? (Select all that apply)
The intermolecular attraction between like molecules defines what?
The intermolecular attraction between like molecules defines what?
Which of the following is a functional group? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following is a functional group? (Select all that apply)
Monomers are linked to form polymers through what type of reaction?
Monomers are linked to form polymers through what type of reaction?
The simplest form of carbohydrates are?
The simplest form of carbohydrates are?
Glucose and Fructose are?
Glucose and Fructose are?
Which of the following contain amino acids? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following contain amino acids? (Select all that apply)
Lipids are hydrophilic because their structure is.
Lipids are hydrophilic because their structure is.
_____ are lipids whose main function is energy storage.
_____ are lipids whose main function is energy storage.
____ are lipids which regulate chemical reactions? (Select all that apply)
____ are lipids which regulate chemical reactions? (Select all that apply)
Amino acids contain?
Amino acids contain?
Polypeptides are composed of? (Select all that apply)
Polypeptides are composed of? (Select all that apply)
What is true of prokaryotes?
What is true of prokaryotes?
Prokaryote domains include?
Prokaryote domains include?
Monomers of nucleic acids are composed of?
Monomers of nucleic acids are composed of?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum functions include?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum functions include?
The Golgi apparatus does what to cell products?
The Golgi apparatus does what to cell products?
White blood cells that have a very high concentration of lysosomes include?
White blood cells that have a very high concentration of lysosomes include?
Vacuole functions include?
Vacuole functions include?
_____ release energy and yield products that contain less potential energy than their reactants.
_____ release energy and yield products that contain less potential energy than their reactants.
Which of the following contains peptide bonds?
Which of the following contains peptide bonds?
Which of the following move solutes with a concentration gradient? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following move solutes with a concentration gradient? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following refer to the second stage of cellular respiration? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following refer to the second stage of cellular respiration? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following take place in the cytoplasm around the mitochondria?
Which of the following take place in the cytoplasm around the mitochondria?
_____ produce their own food and sustain themselves without eating other organisms.
_____ produce their own food and sustain themselves without eating other organisms.
The stages of photosynthesis may be termed to include?
The stages of photosynthesis may be termed to include?
Each photosystem contains?
Each photosystem contains?
Which anaerobic process listed below is used for energy production in humans?
Which anaerobic process listed below is used for energy production in humans?
Enzyme inhibitors may work by what ways?
Enzyme inhibitors may work by what ways?
The primary types of materials crossing the plasma membrane include?
The primary types of materials crossing the plasma membrane include?
Negative feedback loops may be used for what purposes?
Negative feedback loops may be used for what purposes?
Ibuprofen has which of the following actions? (Select all that apply)
Ibuprofen has which of the following actions? (Select all that apply)
What is considered to be Arkansas primary legal drug of concern currently?
What is considered to be Arkansas primary legal drug of concern currently?
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Study Notes
Atoms and Molecules
- Atoms are the smallest particles of matter, retaining the properties of an element.
- The atomic number of an atom is defined by the number of protons it has.
- Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Bonds and Functional Groups
- A bottle of protein water contains hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, and cohesion; all are present.
- Cohesion is the intermolecular attraction between like molecules.
- Functional groups include amino, -COOH, and carboxyl; all function as key biological components.
Polymers and Carbohydrates
- Monomers link to form polymers through dehydration reactions.
- Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates.
- Glucose and fructose are carbohydrates that also act as isomers and sugars.
Proteins and Lipids
- Lipids, contrary to some beliefs, are not hydrophilic; the statement is false.
- Triglycerides and fats are lipids primarily responsible for energy storage.
- Amino acids consist of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable R group.
Cellular Structures and Functions
- Prokaryotes, the oldest and most widespread life forms, include the domains Archaea and Bacteria.
- Nucleic acids are formed from monomers composed of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases.
- The rough endoplasmic reticulum specializes in polypeptide synthesis, while the Golgi apparatus sorts, ships, and finishes cell products.
Immune Response and Cell Functions
- Macrophages are a type of white blood cell characterized by a high concentration of lysosomes.
- Vacuoles serve multiple functions, including waste containment, maintaining turgor pressure, and allowing changes in cell shape.
Energy and Metabolism
- Exergonic reactions release energy and produce products containing less potential energy than the reactants.
- Galactase contains peptide bonds, indicating its protein structure.
- Passive transport and facilitated diffusion both involve the movement of solutes along a concentration gradient.
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
- The second stage of cellular respiration is referred to as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic cycle.
- Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm around the mitochondria.
- Autotrophs, including chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs, produce their own food.
Photosynthesis and Fermentation
- Photosynthesis is divided into light reactions and a dark stage, with each photosystem containing a reaction center and light-harvesting complexes.
- Lactic acid fermentation is an anaerobic process used for energy production in humans.
Enzyme Function and Regulation
- Enzyme inhibitors can alter enzyme function by changing the shape of the bonding site or blocking the binding site.
- The plasma membrane facilitates the crossing of waste, nutrients, and chemical information-carrying substances.
Feedback Mechanisms and Drug Actions
- Negative feedback loops regulate cellular metabolism, control produced actions, and save resources.
- Ibuprofen acts as an analgesic, anti-pyretic, and anti-inflammatory agent.
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