Biology Positive Feedback and Osmoregulation Quiz

A process that amplifies a change in a biological system.

A tear or break in a blood vessel, initiating the positive feedback loop of platelet aggregation.

Blood cells that stick together to form a clot, sealing wounds and stopping bleeding.

The process by which platelets clump together to form a blood clot at a site of injury.

A mechanism that opposes a change in a biological system, returning it to a stable state.

Organisms that maintain a consistent internal body fluid composition regardless of changes in the external environment.

Organisms that have internal body fluid solute concentration equal to the external environment.

Freshwater animals experience water entering their bodies through skin and gills due to their internal hypertonic and external hypotonic environment.

Marine animals, with their internal hypotonic and external hypertonic environment, lose water to the surrounding sea. They need to drink seawater, but this brings in excess salt.

Marine animals face dehydration due to hypertonic seawater, so they need to intake water. However, this water also brings in salts, disrupting osmoregulation.

Terrestrial animals must conserve water, especially in hot or dry environments.

Excretion is the process of removing waste products from the body. In animals, it plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure and acid-base balance.

Nitrogenous products are waste compounds containing nitrogen, like urea and creatinine.

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

The scientist who coined the term 'homeostasis' and described its importance in biological systems.

Sensory organs that detect changes in the internal or external environment.

The central nervous system, acting as a command center, receives information from receptors and coordinates responses.

Organs or tissues that carry out the responses directed by the control center, restoring balance to the body.

A type of nitrogenous waste that needs lots of water for excretion.

A type of nitrogenous waste that is less toxic than ammonia and requires less water for excretion.

A type of nitrogenous waste that is nearly insoluble in water, making it ideal for water conservation.

The type of nitrogenous waste produced by an animal depends on its environment and diet.

Aquatic animals, such as many fish, excrete ammonia directly into the surrounding water.

Ammonia is highly toxic and requires a large amount of water to dilute it and keep its concentration low.

Mammals, amphibians, and some fish excrete urea. It is less toxic than ammonia.

Reptiles, birds, and some insects excrete uric acid. It is less soluble in water, making it an efficient way to conserve water.

Urea is formed in the liver through a series of complex reactions involving ammonia and carbon dioxide. This process is known as the urea cycle.

A pair of bean-shaped organs located in the abdominal cavity, responsible for filtering blood, removing waste, and producing urine.

Muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

The muscular sac that stores urine temporarily.

The muscular tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

A dense network of capillaries within the renal corpuscle where filtration occurs.

The thin-walled sac surrounding the glomerulus that collects the filtered fluid (filtrate).

The part of the nephron responsible for reabsorbing useful substances and secreting wastes.

The process by which blood pressure forces fluid and small solutes from the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule.

The outer layer of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

Triangular structures located in the inner region of the kidney, they contain nephrons.

The inner region of the kidney, containing the renal pyramids.

A small depression on the inner surface of the kidney where blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and exit.

A tough connective tissue layer that surrounds the kidney, providing structural support.

The funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the major calyxes and transports it to the ureter.

Collects urine from the renal pyramids and merges to form the major calyx.

Ammonia is a nitrogenous waste product that is highly toxic and soluble in water. It is the primary excretory product of most aquatic animals, particularly bony fish, as it can be readily diffused into their surrounding environment.

Urea is a nitrogenous waste product synthesized from ammonia. It is less toxic than ammonia and more soluble in water, making it suitable for terrestrial animals. Mammals, most amphibians, and some bony fish utilize urea as their primary excretory product.

Uric Acid is a nitrogenous waste product that is less toxic but less soluble in water compared to ammonia and urea. This makes it ideal for animals living in arid environments or those needing to conserve water, like reptiles (including birds), insects, and land snails.

The process of removing waste products from the body. In animals, it plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure and acid-base balance.

The blood nitrogen test (BUN) measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood. It is an indicator of kidney function, as the kidneys filter out urea from the blood.