Biology Phyla Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which phylum includes organisms with jointed limbs?

Cnidaria

Echinodermata

Mollusca

Arthropoda (correct)

What characteristic is unique to the phylum Chordata?

Segmented body structure

Closed circulatory system (correct)

Presence of a hard outer shell

Soft-bodied organisms

Which of the following is an example of a Platyhelminthes?

Earthworm

Jellyfish

Flatworm (correct)

Sea cucumber

What type of organisms fall under the phylum Echinodermata?

Sea stars and sea cucumbers Signup and view all the answers

Which phylum is characterized by organisms that typically possess hard outer shells made of calcium?

Mollusca Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of organisms in the phylum Nematoda?

Round body shape Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sponges in the phylum Porifera?

They have jointed limbs Signup and view all the answers

What type of worms does the phylum Annelida include?

Segmented worms Signup and view all the answers

Which phylum includes organisms such as jellyfish and corals?

Cnidaria Signup and view all the answers

What function does the contractible part of the ventral vessel serve in Chordata?

Pumping blood Signup and view all the answers

What neurotoxin is found in the blue-ringed octopus that can cause severe symptoms in humans?

Tetrodotoxin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is least likely to occur shortly after a bite from a blue-ringed octopus?

Loss of appetite Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment response if bitten by a blue-ringed octopus?

Applying pressure to the wound Signup and view all the answers

Where is the blue-ringed octopus predominantly found?

Pacific and Indian Oceans Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of ingesting a blue-ringed octopus?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

What size is the blue-ringed octopus typically?

A few centimeters Signup and view all the answers

What alarming effect can occur within minutes of being bitten by a blue-ringed octopus?

Respiratory arrest and heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes the bite of the blue-ringed octopus particularly dangerous?

It is painless and small. Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to ensure help after being bitten by a blue-ringed octopus?

Start artificial respiration immediately. Signup and view all the answers

What physiological symptoms can occur within one hour of exposure to the blue-ringed octopus's toxin?

Nausea and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes fungi from plants?

Fungi lack chlorophyll. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about viral diseases in young children?

They often resolve quickly and are usually not life-threatening. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell does not contain a nucleus or intracellular organelles?

Bacterial cells Signup and view all the answers

What method of movement do flagellates use?

Flagella Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique reproductive feature of sporozoans?

They reproduce by spore formation through complex life cycles. Signup and view all the answers

How do fungi absorb nutrients?

By secreting enzymes to decompose organic material Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the plant kingdom?

Plants have chlorophyll and can autotrophically produce nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What are characteristics of the class Rhizopoda?

Movement is through pseudopodia. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes plants from fungi in terms of cellular structure?

Plants have cell walls made of cellulose. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a representative example of the class Ciliata?

Balantidum coli Signup and view all the answers

What neurotoxin is known for causing paralysis in certain venomous organisms?

Tetrodotoxin Signup and view all the answers

Which organism’s symptoms appear within minutes when poisoned through the skin?

Common krait Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the circulatory system of annelids in relation to heart chambers?

They have no heart chambers. Signup and view all the answers

In which class of organisms is the first appearance of a four-chambered heart observed?

Aves Signup and view all the answers

How does the evolutionary order of shark, coral, roundworm, chicken, dragonfly, liver fluke, leech arrange correctly?

Shark, coral, roundworm, liver fluke, leech, dragonfly, chicken Signup and view all the answers

What best differentiates an open circulatory system from a closed circulatory system?

Fluid exchange between blood and tissue Signup and view all the answers

What can happen when tetrodotoxin enters the body?

It can induce respiratory arrest. Signup and view all the answers

Which class exhibits a skeleton made entirely of cartilage?

Chondrichthyes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of activated charcoal in cases of poisoning?

It absorbs toxins. Signup and view all the answers

How do the red blood cells of reptiles and amphibians differ from those of mammals?

They have a nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to the Living World

The presentation introduces the topic of "The Living World".
The presentation is from Phan Chau Trinh University, given by Dr. Tín.

Origin of Life: How Life Started on Earth

The presentation explores the characteristics of life and how life began on Earth.
Discusses early Earth chemical evolution, which involved the transition from simple inorganic molecules to complex organic mixtures.
This process was aided by radiation.
The formation of peptides and RNA molecules was also involved.

RNA World Hypothesis

RNA was likely the primary molecule for storing genetic information and catalyzing chemical reactions in early life.
DNA later took over as the genetic material.
RNA still catalyzes some fundamental reactions in modern cells, representing molecular fossils from the RNA world.

DNA vs. RNA

DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids with different structures and functions.
DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is typically single-stranded,
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.
DNA uses the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
RNA uses adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.

Cell Structure: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes (bacteria) lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, have a nucleoid region.
Eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, protists) have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, including endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus.

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes: Key Differences

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.

The Length Scale of Biology

Provides a visual representation of the relative sizes of biological entities, from atoms to humans.
Shows the different scales of microscopes used for these structures: X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, light microscopy, and magnifier.

Viral Diseases in Children

Viral diseases are common in children 6 months to 6 years and are usually not dangerous.
This is due to their immune systems currently developing.

Classifications of Living Organisms

The biological classification of living organisms.
Including groups like Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, Protista, and Prokaryotae (Monera).

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell: Structure

Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, capsule, pili, flagella, nucleoid, and plasmid.
Eukaryotic cells have various membrane-bound organelles.
Differences include a nucleus, an organized cytoskeleton, and membrane-bound organelles.

Gram-Positive vs. Gram-Negative Bacteria

Gram-positive bacteria appear purple and have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls.
Gram-negative bacteria appear pink and have a thin peptidoglycan layer with an outer membrane.

Slime Mold, Euglena, and Balantidium coli

These are examples of single-celled organisms.
Euglena is a photosynthetic organism; slime mold is a type of fungi; balantidium coli is a parasite.

Animal and Fungal Cell Structure

Highlights the differences in cell structure between animals and fungi.
Animal cells have centrosomes and lysosomes; fungal cells have a cell wall, vacuoles, and bud scars.

Fungi

Fungi are unicellular or multicellular organisms that are heterotrophic, lacking chlorophyll.
They break down complex organic materials through enzyme secretion, absorbing simpler substances.
Fungi consist of thin threads called hyphae with cell walls made from chitin.

Plant vs. Animal Cell

Plant cells are typically characterized by a rigid cell wall, a large central vacuole, and chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
Animal cells lack a cell wall and have smaller vacuoles, lacking chloroplasts.
Animal cells also have lysosomes and centrioles/centrosomes.

Plantae (Plants)

Multicellular organisms with a true nucleus.
Cell walls made of cellulose.
Contain chlorophyll.
Plants photosynthesize, meaning they are autotrophic.
Plants have five main phyla, including algae, mosses, ferns, conifers, and angiosperms.

Animalia (Animals)

Multicellular organisms with a true nucleus; have specialized tissues and organs.
Includes many phyla, such as Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Chordata.
They are diverse in form, function, and evolution.

Microbiota (Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, etc.).

Human microbiota are microorganisms residing in the body, including bacteria, fungi, viruses etc.
Bacteria, yeasts, viruses, and protozoa are components of the gut microbiota.
Helminths (roundworms etc.) can also be present, albeit in much lower quantities.
Viruses are also a component of the human microbiotia, their presence may or may not be harmful to humans.

Good and Bad Bacterial Flora

Bifidobacteria are beneficial bacteria that maintain gut health and enhance immune function by producing vitamins and preventing pathogenic infections.
Some strains of E. coli can contribute to illness or disease.
Lactobacilli are beneficial bacteria that contribute to immunity while also producing vitamins and nutrients.
Certain strains of campylobacter and enterococci fecalies can lead to diseases

Book Writing Assignment Instructions

Instructions for creating a book detailing eukaryotic organisms.
Specific requirements for the presentation.
The format of the book writing assignment.

Book Writing Assessment

Grading criteria for the book writing project, combining content and presentation aspects.
Marks allocated for content research and summarizing skills

Diverse Organisms and Their Adaptations

Various animal examples and their harmful or beneficial effects on humans, as well as medical treatment options.
Descriptions of their characteristics, lifestyles and habitats.
Include examples like the blue-ringed octopus, snakes (Russell's viper, the common krait, saw-scaled viper), and parasites including the Taenia solium.

Leech Case Study

A case study of a medical procedure where a leech was removed from a patient's vagina.

Vertebrates

Includes classes of vertebrates such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Key characteristics are described, such as having a backbone (vertebrae), internal skeleton, and various body adaptations.

Evolution and Systems

Questions related to evolutionary order of organisms and animal circulatory system classifications, and their associated anatomical structures and functions.
Includes details about the differences in blood composition in various animals including but not limited to mammals.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various biological phyla and their unique characteristics. This quiz covers topics including Chordata, Echinodermata, and more. Answer questions related to distinct features and representative organisms of each phylum.