Biology: Pandemics and Infections

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Questions and Answers

In what year did the Black Death arrive in Ireland?

  • 1349
  • 1347
  • 1348 (correct)
  • 1350

What is the estimated time it took for Dublin to recover its population after the Black Death?

  • 300-400 years (correct)
  • 400-500 years
  • 200-300 years
  • 100-200 years

What is the name of the plasmid hosted by Y.pestis that is not carried by other Yersinia species?

  • pCD1
  • pPCP1
  • pMT1 (correct)
  • pYV

What is the type of plague that is highly infectious and was responsible for many deaths in Ireland?

<p>Pneumonic plague (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the professor who died of plague in 2009?

<p>Malcolm Casadaban (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did a recent outbreak of plague occur in Madagascar?

<p>2017 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of tetanospasmin on the central nervous system?

<p>Rigidity and spastic paralysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin?

<p>Cleaving and destroying synaptic proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the B subunit in botulinum toxin?

<p>Transferring the A subunit across the membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of the active subunit A of botulinum toxin?

<p>Proteins involved in fusion of synaptosome and neuronal membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of tetanus toxin on the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters?

<p>Blocks the release of GABA and glycine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed benefit of botulinum toxin production to the bacteria?

<p>Has a specific activity in soil that is unknown (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the first plague pandemic, known as the Justinian Plague, occur?

<p>AD 541 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the epidemic that occurred from AD 1347 to AD 1351?

<p>The Black Death (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many deaths are attributed to the plague pandemics in human history?

<p>200 million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bacterium that caused the third plague pandemic?

<p>Yersinia pestis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the third plague pandemic probably start?

<p>AD 1855 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the European population was killed during the Justinian Plague?

<p>50-60% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of pseudogenes found in pseudotuberculosis ASIDE?

<p>150 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of botulinum toxin?

<p>Blocking the release of excitatory neurotransmitters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bacteria that causes botulism?

<p>Clostridium botulinum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of tetanus cases per year according to the World Health Organization?

<p>750,000 to 1,000,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of tetanus toxin?

<p>Presynaptic inhibitory motor nerve endings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the antitoxin used to treat botulism?

<p>BIG-IV (BabyBIG) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of contraction caused by tetanus toxin?

<p>Spasmic contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of people that can be killed by 1g of BoTox if ingested?

<p>14,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the eventual outcome of botulinum toxin action?

<p>Formation of new nerve endings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein attacked by tetanus toxin?

<p>Synaptobrevin II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of toxin is botulinum toxin?

<p>A-B toxin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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