Biology: Pandemics and Infections

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In what year did the Black Death arrive in Ireland?

1349

1347

1348 (correct)

1350

What is the estimated time it took for Dublin to recover its population after the Black Death?

300-400 years (correct)

400-500 years

200-300 years

100-200 years

What is the name of the plasmid hosted by Y.pestis that is not carried by other Yersinia species?

pCD1

pPCP1

pMT1 (correct)

pYV

What is the type of plague that is highly infectious and was responsible for many deaths in Ireland?

Pneumonic plague Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the professor who died of plague in 2009?

Malcolm Casadaban Signup and view all the answers

In what year did a recent outbreak of plague occur in Madagascar?

2017 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of tetanospasmin on the central nervous system?

Rigidity and spastic paralysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin?

Cleaving and destroying synaptic proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the B subunit in botulinum toxin?

Transferring the A subunit across the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of the active subunit A of botulinum toxin?

Proteins involved in fusion of synaptosome and neuronal membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of tetanus toxin on the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters?

Blocks the release of GABA and glycine Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed benefit of botulinum toxin production to the bacteria?

Has a specific activity in soil that is unknown Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the first plague pandemic, known as the Justinian Plague, occur?

AD 541 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the epidemic that occurred from AD 1347 to AD 1351?

The Black Death Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many deaths are attributed to the plague pandemics in human history?

200 million Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bacterium that caused the third plague pandemic?

Yersinia pestis Signup and view all the answers

When did the third plague pandemic probably start?

AD 1855 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the European population was killed during the Justinian Plague?

50-60% Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of pseudogenes found in pseudotuberculosis ASIDE?

150 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of botulinum toxin?

Blocking the release of excitatory neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bacteria that causes botulism?

Clostridium botulinum Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of tetanus cases per year according to the World Health Organization?

750,000 to 1,000,000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of tetanus toxin?

Presynaptic inhibitory motor nerve endings Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the antitoxin used to treat botulism?

BIG-IV (BabyBIG) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of contraction caused by tetanus toxin?

Spasmic contraction Signup and view all the answers

Biology: Pandemics and Infections

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