Biology: Pandemics and Infections
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Questions and Answers

In what year did the Black Death arrive in Ireland?

  • 1349
  • 1347
  • 1348 (correct)
  • 1350
  • What is the estimated time it took for Dublin to recover its population after the Black Death?

  • 300-400 years (correct)
  • 400-500 years
  • 200-300 years
  • 100-200 years
  • What is the name of the plasmid hosted by Y.pestis that is not carried by other Yersinia species?

  • pCD1
  • pPCP1
  • pMT1 (correct)
  • pYV
  • What is the type of plague that is highly infectious and was responsible for many deaths in Ireland?

    <p>Pneumonic plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the professor who died of plague in 2009?

    <p>Malcolm Casadaban</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did a recent outbreak of plague occur in Madagascar?

    <p>2017</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of tetanospasmin on the central nervous system?

    <p>Rigidity and spastic paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin?

    <p>Cleaving and destroying synaptic proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the B subunit in botulinum toxin?

    <p>Transferring the A subunit across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of the active subunit A of botulinum toxin?

    <p>Proteins involved in fusion of synaptosome and neuronal membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of tetanus toxin on the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters?

    <p>Blocks the release of GABA and glycine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed benefit of botulinum toxin production to the bacteria?

    <p>Has a specific activity in soil that is unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the first plague pandemic, known as the Justinian Plague, occur?

    <p>AD 541</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the epidemic that occurred from AD 1347 to AD 1351?

    <p>The Black Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many deaths are attributed to the plague pandemics in human history?

    <p>200 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacterium that caused the third plague pandemic?

    <p>Yersinia pestis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the third plague pandemic probably start?

    <p>AD 1855</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the European population was killed during the Justinian Plague?

    <p>50-60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of pseudogenes found in pseudotuberculosis ASIDE?

    <p>150</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of botulinum toxin?

    <p>Blocking the release of excitatory neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bacteria that causes botulism?

    <p>Clostridium botulinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of tetanus cases per year according to the World Health Organization?

    <p>750,000 to 1,000,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of tetanus toxin?

    <p>Presynaptic inhibitory motor nerve endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the antitoxin used to treat botulism?

    <p>BIG-IV (BabyBIG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of contraction caused by tetanus toxin?

    <p>Spasmic contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of people that can be killed by 1g of BoTox if ingested?

    <p>14,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the eventual outcome of botulinum toxin action?

    <p>Formation of new nerve endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the protein attacked by tetanus toxin?

    <p>Synaptobrevin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of toxin is botulinum toxin?

    <p>A-B toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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