Biology Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment?

  • Microbiology
  • Botany
  • Genetics
  • Ecology (correct)

What is the process by which cells divide to produce four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

  • Meiosis (correct)
  • Mitosis
  • Binary fission
  • Genetic drift

What is the branch of biology that deals with the study of the structure, function, and behavior of molecules?

  • Genetics
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry (correct)
  • Molecular Biology

What is the study of the inheritance of traits in organisms?

<p>Genetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which cells respond to stimuli? change

<p>Response to stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the branch of biology that deals with the study of the structure and function of cells?

<p>Cell Biology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ecology Definition

The study of how organisms interact with their environment.

Meiosis Process

Cell division making 4 daughter cells with half the parent's chromosomes.

Biochemistry Study

Study of molecules and how they work in living things.

Genetics Study

The study of traits passed from parents to offspring.

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Cell Response

How cells react to signals from their surroundings.

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Cell Biology Focus

The study of cell structure and function.

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Study Notes

Branches of Biology

  • Botany: Study of plants
  • Zoology: Study of animals
  • Microbiology: Study of microorganisms
  • Ecology: Study of interactions between organisms and their environment
  • Genetics: Study of heredity and variation
  • Biochemistry: Study of chemical processes in living organisms
  • Biophysics: Study of physical principles underlying biological processes
  • Molecular Biology: Study of biological molecules and their interactions

Cell Biology

  • Cell structure: Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes
  • Cell functions: Metabolism, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, movement
  • Cell division: Mitosis, meiosis, binary fission
  • Cell signaling: Communication between cells through signals and responses

Evolution

  • Theory of evolution: Descent with modification, natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, gene flow
  • Evidence for evolution: Fossil record, comparative anatomy, molecular biology, biogeography
  • Mechanisms of evolution: Speciation, adaptation, co-evolution

Genetics

  • Mendelian genetics: Laws of inheritance, dominant and recessive alleles, Punnett squares
  • Molecular genetics: DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, gene expression
  • Genetic variation: Mutations, genetic recombination, gene flow, genetic drift

Ecology

  • Ecosystems: Communities of organisms and their environment, energy flow, nutrient cycling
  • Population ecology: Population growth, population dynamics, demography
  • Community ecology: Species interactions, predator-prey relationships, symbiosis
  • Ecosystem services: Provisioning, regulating, cultural, supporting services

Human Biology

  • Human body systems: Nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, immune
  • Human development: Embryogenesis, growth, development, aging
  • Human health: Disease, infection, immunity, nutrition, wellness

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