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Study Notes
Biology
Definition and Scope
- Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms
- Examines the structure, function, growth, evolution, and taxonomy of living organisms
- Encompasses various fields, including botany, zoology, microbiology, and ecology
Branches of Biology
- Botany: study of plants, including their structure, growth, and evolution
- Zoology: study of animals, including their structure, behavior, and evolution
- Microbiology: study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi
- Ecology: study of the interactions between organisms and their environment
Biological Molecules
- Carbohydrates: provide energy and structure for organisms (e.g., glucose, cellulose)
- Proteins: perform a wide range of functions, including structural, enzymatic, and transport roles (e.g., hemoglobin, enzymes)
- Lipids: provide energy and structure for organisms (e.g., fats, oils, cholesterol)
- Nucleic Acids: store and transmit genetic information (e.g., DNA, RNA)
Cellular Biology
- Cell Structure: cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles
- Cellular Processes: photosynthesis, respiration, mitosis, and meiosis
- Cellular Transport: passive (diffusion, osmosis) and active transport mechanisms
Genetics and Evolution
- Mendelian Genetics: study of inheritance patterns, including laws of segregation and independent assortment
- Molecular Genetics: study of DNA structure, function, and manipulation
- Evolution: change in species over time, driven by natural selection, genetic drift, and other mechanisms
Biological Systems and Processes
- Nervous System: transmission and processing of information
- Immune System: defense against pathogens and diseases
- Circulatory System: transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products
- Respiratory System: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
These notes provide a concise overview of the key concepts and branches of biology, covering the structure and function of living organisms, biological molecules, cellular biology, genetics and evolution, and biological systems and processes.
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Get familiar with the fundamentals of biology, including its definition, branches, biological molecules, cellular biology, genetics, evolution, and biological systems and processes.
