Biology Overview

Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.
It explores the diversity of life, from molecules to ecosystems, and examines the interactions between living organisms and their environment.

Botany: study of plants and plant-like organisms
Zoology: study of animals and animal-like organisms
Microbiology: study of microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses
Ecology: study of the relationships between organisms and their environment
Genetics: study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation
Biochemistry: study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms
Molecular Biology: study of the structure, function, and interactions of biological molecules, such as DNA and proteins
Evolutionary Biology: study of the processes that have shaped the diversity of life on Earth

Cells: the basic structural and functional units of life
Organisms: individuals that consist of one or more cells
Tissues: groups of similar cells that perform specific functions
Organs: structures composed of two or more tissues that work together to perform specific functions
Organ Systems: groups of organs that work together to maintain homeostasis and perform specific functions
Ecosystems: communities of organisms and their physical environment

Carbohydrates: provide energy and structure for organisms
Proteins: perform a wide range of functions, including catalyzing metabolic reactions and replicating DNA
Lipids: provide energy and structure for organisms, and serve as signaling molecules
Nucleic Acids: contain the genetic information necessary for life, including DNA and RNA

Photosynthesis: process by which organisms convert light energy into chemical energy
Respiration: process by which organisms convert chemical energy into ATP
Mitosis: process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Meiosis: process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Gene Expression: process by which the information in a gene's DNA is converted into a functional product, such as a protein.

Biology is the scientific study of life and encompasses various aspects such as structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy of living organisms.
It investigates the diversity of life ranging from molecular levels to entire ecosystems.
Interactions between living organisms and their environments are a focal point of biological studies.

Botany: Focuses on the study of plants and plant-like life forms.
Zoology: Involves the study of animals and their characteristics.
Microbiology: Examines microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses.
Ecology: Analyzes relationships and interactions between organisms and their environments.
Genetics: Explores heredity, the role of genes, and genetic variation.
Biochemistry: Investigates the chemical processes and substances that occur within living cells.
Molecular Biology: Studies the structure, function, and interactions of biological molecules like DNA and proteins.
Evolutionary Biology: Looks into the processes that contribute to the diversity of life on Earth over time.

Cells: The fundamental structural and functional units that make up all living organisms.
Organisms: Entities that may be unicellular or multicellular, composed of one or more cells.
Tissues: Collections of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function within the body.
Organs: Structures made of two or more types of tissues that collaborate to execute specific functions.
Organ Systems: Composed of multiple organs working together to maintain homeostasis and perform essential roles.
Ecosystems: Comprise communities of organisms and their physical surroundings, highlighting their interdependence.

Carbohydrates: Serve as a source of energy and provide structural support in organisms.
Proteins: Essential for a variety of functions, including catalyzing metabolic reactions and DNA replication.
Lipids: Function as energy reservoirs, structural components, and signaling molecules in biological networks.
Nucleic Acids: Key molecules that store and transmit genetic information, primarily DNA and RNA.

Photosynthesis: Converts light energy into chemical energy, primarily in plants and certain microorganisms.
Respiration: Transforms chemical energy from nutrients into ATP, the energy currency of cells.
Mitosis: A type of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells, maintaining chromosome number.
Meiosis: A specialized form of cell division producing four genetically diverse daughter cells, each with half the chromosome count of the parent.
Gene Expression: The process through which genetic information is translated into functional products, such as proteins, impacting organism characteristics.