Biology Overview and Concepts

Biosphere, ecosystem, communities, population, organisms, organs and organ systems, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Evolution, order/organization, reproduction, growth and development, energy processing, internal regulation, response to environment

<p>evolution, natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observation, hypothesis, experiment, and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polar covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>van der Waals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reactions are still going on, but with no net effect on the concentrations of reactants and products. This does NOT mean they are equal in concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>declines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance that minimizes changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH-. Most buffers contain a weak acid and corresponding base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Same number of atoms in the same elements but have different structures and properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isomers with the same functional groups but different spatial arrangements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mirror image of each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-OH, Polar</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NH2, base</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SH</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PO4^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fuel and building material</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cellulose(most abundant, used for structure in plants), glycogen(used for storage in animals), and starch(AKA amylose, used for storage in plants), chitin(used for structure in fungi &amp; arthropods)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>insulation, long-term energy storage, membranes(phospholipids), and steroids. not true polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>primarily long, hydrocarbon chains with carboxyl group. May have double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>saturated fatty acids have no double bonds in the hydrocarbon tail, whereas unsaturated fatty acids do. Unsaturated fatty acids can be further categorized as trans/cis depending on the position of the hydrogens on the carbons of the double bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>four ring lipids. All steroids are lipids, but not all lipids are steroids!!!</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>diverse and have many functions which include: enzymes, structure, hormones, storage of amino acids, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acids, amino group(NH2) + alpha carbon + carboxyl group (COOH) + R group</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>store, transmit, and express hereditary information. RNA &amp; DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA has ribose (AUCG), DNA has deoxyribose (ATCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A,C vs. C,T,U</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reveals internal structures. Profiles a thin section</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3-D image of surface of a specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Takes the cell apart and separates major organelles and other sub cellular structure from one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No membrane bound organelles, smaller (1 room house)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>double membrane, contains DNA, nucleolus, pores, nuclear lamina</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>small and large subunits, may be attached to RER. Different sized subunits in prokaryotes and eukaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RER: protein synthesis, SER: regulates and releases calcium ions, processes toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Responsible for shipping and receiving (golgi bodies)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the powerhouse of the cell. Cristae, matrix, inter membrane space, home of the Krebs cycle &amp; oxidative phosphoylation in eukaryotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the REAL powerhouse of the cell. runs on solar energy (photosynthesis), stacks of thylakoids=grana, made of membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>both have their own DNA and ribosomes, reproduce independently from other organelles/structures. both increase surface area of innermost membranes. Both have ATP synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>made of alpha and beta tubular, aid in mitosis, power flagella &amp; cilia, move vesicles on &quot;monorail&quot;, resist compaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>made of actin, muscle contractions (with myosin), contractile, cortical, cleavage furrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>in between, may be made of different proteins, but keratin is typical make up of nuclear lamina and ECM</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small, non-polar molecules (like gases) can pass through phospholipid bilayer. Polar, charged and large molecules require transport via protein channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hypotonic= lower solute concentration, isotonic= equal solute concentration, hypertonic= higher solute concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>movement from an area of high solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion of water across a semipermeable with its concentration gradient from hypotonic to hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>moving in</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>all cellular chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>conservation of energy. &quot;energy cannot be created or destroyed&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>every transfer of energy is</p> Signup and view all the answers