Biology Osmosis and Tonicity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the total volume of Extracellular Fluid (ECF) in the body?

  • 14 L (correct)
  • 10.5 L
  • 3.5 L
  • 28 L
  • How much of the Total Body Water (TBW) constitutes the Intracellular Fluid (ICF)?

  • 14 L
  • 10.5 L
  • 42 L
  • 28 L (correct)
  • What percentage of the Extracellular Fluid (ECF) is represented by Plasma?

  • 50%
  • 60%
  • 75%
  • 25% (correct)
  • Which fluid compartment holds the largest volume in the body?

    <p>Intracellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fraction of the Total Body Water (TBW) is made up by Extracellular Fluid (ECF)?

    <p>1/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total body water (TBW) for a 70kg adult male?

    <p>42L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage is the percent of total body water (TBW) the highest?

    <p>Baby at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor decreases the percent of total body water in humans?

    <p>Increasing age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does body fat percentage relate to total body water?

    <p>Higher body fat is associated with lower water percentage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of total body water percentage, how does an adult male compare to an equivalent female?

    <p>Higher percentage in male</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary movement of water in osmosis?

    <p>From low solute concentration to high solute concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the osmolarity range for plasma?

    <p>280-300 mosm/l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of solution has an osmolarity lower than that of plasma?

    <p>Hypotonic solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily contributes to the osmolarity of intracellular fluid (ICF)?

    <p>K+ and its anions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines osmotic pressure?

    <p>The pressure needed to prevent osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an electrolyte?

    <p>A substance that, when dissolved in water, can conduct electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion has the highest concentration in ECF compared to ICF?

    <p>Na+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinguishing feature of osmolarity?

    <p>The number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion concentration is negligible in ICF?

    <p>Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of osmotically active particles?

    <p>They can exert osmotic pressure if separated by a semipermeable membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Osmosis

    • Water moves across a semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
    • All cell membranes and capillaries function as semipermeable membranes.
    • Osmotic pressure is defined as the pressure that would prevent osmosis.

    Osmolarity

    • Plasma osmolarity ranges between 280-300 mosm/L.
    • Sodium ions (Na+) and its anions primarily contribute to plasma osmolarity.
    • Intracellular fluid (ICF) osmolarity mirrors that of plasma at 280-300 mosm/L.
    • Potassium ions (K+) and its anions are the main contributors to ICF osmolarity.

    Tonicity

    • Tonicity refers to the osmolarity of a solution compared to plasma osmolarity.
    • Solutions can be classified into three categories:
      • Isotonic: similar osmolarity to plasma.
      • Hypotonic: lower osmolarity than plasma.
      • Hypertonic: higher osmolarity than plasma.

    Total Body Water (TBW)

    • Total body water constitutes 60% of total body weight in a 70kg adult male, equating to 42 liters.
    • TBW percentage decreases with age.

    Percent of Water in the Human Body

    Stage % TBW
    Fetus 100%
    Baby at Birth 80%
    Normal Adult 70%
    Elderly Person 50%

    Body Composition and Water

    • Higher body fat percentages correlate with lower body water content due to fatty tissues containing less water.
    • Males typically have a higher TBW percentage than females when body weight is equal.
    • Taller, thinner individuals tend to have a higher TBW percentage compared to shorter and heavier counterparts.

    Electrolytes

    • An electrolyte is a substance that dissociates in solution to produce ions capable of conducting electricity.

    Differences between Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF) in a 70 Kg Adult Male

    ECF ICF
    Volume 14L 28L
    Na+ 142 mmol/L 10 mmol/L
    K+ 4 mmol/L 140 mmol/L
    Ca2+ 2.5 mmol/L negligible
    Mg2+ 0.8 mmol/L 11 mmol/L
    Cl- 105 mmol/L 4 mmol/L
    HCO3 26 mmol/L 10 mmol/L
    PO4- 1.1 mmol/L 31 mmol/L
    Protein 1.2 mmol/L 30 mmol/L
    pH 7.4 7.2
    Osmolarity 280-300 mOsm/L 280-300 mOsm/L

    Osmolarity Concept

    • Osmolarity quantifies the number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution.
    • Represents the concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution.
    • Solutes that dissociate into ions contribute multiple osmotically active particles.

    Body Fluid Compartments

    • Total body water (42L) is divided into two main compartments:
      • Intracellular fluid (ICF): 28L
      • Extracellular fluid (ECF): 14L
    • ECF subcompartments:
      • Interstitial fluid: 10.5L
      • Intravascular (plasma): 3.5L

    Body Fluid Compartments Distribution

    • Body fluids account for 60% of body weight.
    • ECF constitutes 1/3 of total body water, while ICF makes up 2/3.
    • Of the ECF, plasma is 25% and interstitial space is 75%.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of osmosis, osmolarity, and tonicity with this comprehensive quiz. Explore key concepts like how water moves across semipermeable membranes and the implications of different solutions on cells. Perfect for biology students looking to consolidate their knowledge!

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