Biology Organic Molecules Quiz
62 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of an organic molecule?

  • Compounds containing nitrogen
  • Compounds containing oxygen
  • Compounds containing hydrogen
  • Compounds containing carbon (correct)

    • Monomers are linked together with...

    the removal of a water molecule by dehydration synthesis.

    In a hydrolysis reaction, _____ . In this process, water is _____.

    a polymer breaks up to form monomers; consumed

    Hydrolysis means

    <p>to break water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A dehydration reaction is the process in which __________.

    <p>water molecules are formed when polymers are synthesized from monomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monomers are connected in a reaction in which two molecules are bonded to each other through the loss of a water molecule; this is called a

    <p>dehydration synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sugars are mainly used by our bodies _____

    <p>fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Simple sugar molecules are a major _______ for cellular work.

    <p>fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One characteristic shared by sucrose and maltose is _____

    <p>they are disaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A disaccharide consists of

    <p>two monosaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____.

    <p>polymer; glucose molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Generally, animals cannot digest the linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cattle get enough nutrients from eating grass?

    <p>microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what polysaccharide form do plants store sugar to be available later for energy?

    <p>starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycogen is _____

    <p>a polysaccharide found in animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____

    <p>maltose + water; dehydration synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a source of lactose?

    <p>milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellulose is

    <p>a carbohydrate composed of many monomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

    <p>cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The complex carbohydrate that you are most likely to have eaten recently is _____

    <p>starch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Starch is a storage polysaccharide of

    <p>plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Many carbohydrates are a source

    <p>of energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose and fructose are

    <p>isomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molecules that share the same chemical composition but differ in their final structures are called

    <p>isomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct term for compounds that do not mix with water?

    <p>hydrophilic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fatty acid containing at least two double bonds is called _____

    <p>monounsaturated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholesterol belongs to which class of molecules?

    <p>lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA is a

    <p>nucleic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Olive oil is a

    <p>monounsaturated fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A chain of amino acids that have been linked together by dehydration synthesis is called a

    <p>polypeptide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A peptide bond binds _____

    <p>amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The building blocks of proteins are called _____.

    <p>amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids bonded together by __________.

    <p>peptide bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The building blocks of nucleic acid molecules are called ____.

    <p>nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People with lactose intolerance produce insufficient amounts of ______.

    <p>the enzyme, lactase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactase breaks down lactose to ________ that can be digested.

    <p>smaller sugars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might northern Europeans have evolved lactose tolerance?

    <p>to increase options for nutrient intake in an environment with a short growing season.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ability ________ would increase the options for acquiring necessary nutrients.

    <p>to drink milk from herd animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract with the least digestion?

    <p>cellulose (in the lettuce).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellulose contains bonds that cannot be broken by...

    <p>human digestive enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main sugar used by cells for energy?

    <p>glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells consume glucose for energy in the process of...

    <p>cell respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plant cell walls consist mainly of _____

    <p>cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The polysaccharide called ______ is a major component of the tough walls that enclose plant cells.

    <p>cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid by _____

    <p>adding hydrogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The characteristic that all lipids have in common is that __________.

    <p>none of them dissolve in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipids are _________, causing their solubility in water to be extremely low.

    <p>nonpolar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Your body contains thousands of different types of proteins, each with a specific function. A protein's function is largely determined by its ____.

    <p>shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary structure of a protein is like the arrangement of beads on a string. In this analogy, the beads are _____.

    <p>amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A protein's alpha helices and beta sheets fold together to create an overall shape at the _____ level of protein structure.

    <p>third.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid?

    <p>altered function based on which acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Large proteins, like DNA polymerase and hemoglobin, are often composed of several polypeptides that are linked together. The _____ level of protein structure describes how the polypeptides are joined to create a larger complex.

    <p>fourth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Many people believe you should consume carbohydrates and proteins in what ratio following a long workout?

    <p>4:1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the constituent parts of proteins?

    <p>amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary fuel source for muscles?

    <p>glycogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is believed to help muscles absorb amino acids?

    <p>insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is called a _____

    <p>gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A gene is a discrete unit of...

    <p>hereditary information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does DNA compare to RNA?

    <p>DNA and RNA consist of monomers called nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nucleotides are the building blocks for both types of nucleic acids called....

    <p>RNA and DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____

    <p>DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The backbone of a nucleic acid consists of alternating ________

    <p>sugar and phosphate groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One difference between RNA and DNA?

    <p>In RNA uracil is substituted for thymine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organic Molecules and Reactions

    • Organic molecules are defined as compounds containing carbon.
    • Monomers link together through dehydration synthesis, resulting in the removal of a water molecule.
    • Hydrolysis reactions involve the consumption of water to break polymers into monomers.
    • A dehydration reaction forms water molecules when synthesizing polymers from monomers.

    Carbohydrates

    • Sugars primarily serve as fuel for the body.
    • Simple sugars are essential for cellular energy.
    • Sucrose and maltose are examples of disaccharides, which consist of two monosaccharides.
    • Cellulose, a polymer made of glucose, is indigestible by most animals, but microorganisms in cows can hydrolyze it to glucose.
    • Plants store sugar for energy in the form of starch, while animals use glycogen.
    • Isomers, substances with the same chemical formula but different structures, include glucose and fructose.

    Lipids and Proteins

    • Cholesterol is classified as a lipid.
    • Monounsaturated fats, like olive oil, contain at least one double bond.
    • Proteins are composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming polypeptides.
    • The shape of a protein largely determines its function.
    • The primary structure of a protein resembles a string of amino acids, while the tertiary structure involves complex folding.

    Genetic Information

    • Nucleic acids consist of nucleotides, which comprise the building blocks for RNA and DNA.
    • Genes are specific DNA sequences that dictate polypeptide synthesis.
    • The structure of DNA involves a sugar-phosphate backbone with complementary base pairing.

    Nutritional Considerations

    • People with lactose intolerance produce insufficient lactase, the enzyme needed to digest lactose.
    • The ability to consume milk from herd animals historically increased nutrient options, especially in regions with short growing seasons.
    • Post-exercise, a carbohydrate to protein intake ratio of 4:1 is recommended for optimal recovery.

    Miscellaneous

    • Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on Earth, primarily found in plant cell walls.
    • Certain bonds in cellulose resist breakdown by human digestive enzymes, leading to its passage through the tract largely undigested.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on organic molecules and their characteristics, as well as the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. This quiz covers essential definitions and concepts foundational to understanding biology. Perfect for students studying organic chemistry or biology.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser