Biology Organic Molecules Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of an organic molecule?

Compounds containing nitrogen

Compounds containing oxygen

Compounds containing hydrogen

Compounds containing carbon (correct)

Monomers are linked together with...

the removal of a water molecule by dehydration synthesis.

In a hydrolysis reaction, _ . In this process, water is _.

a polymer breaks up to form monomers; consumed

Hydrolysis means

to break water Signup and view all the answers

A dehydration reaction is the process in which __________.

water molecules are formed when polymers are synthesized from monomers. Signup and view all the answers

Monomers are connected in a reaction in which two molecules are bonded to each other through the loss of a water molecule; this is called a

dehydration synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Sugars are mainly used by our bodies _____

fuel Signup and view all the answers

Simple sugar molecules are a major _______ for cellular work.

fuel Signup and view all the answers

One characteristic shared by sucrose and maltose is _____

they are disaccharides Signup and view all the answers

A disaccharide consists of

two monosaccharides. Signup and view all the answers

Cellulose is a _ made of many _.

polymer; glucose molecules. Signup and view all the answers

Generally, animals cannot digest the linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cattle get enough nutrients from eating grass?

microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose. Signup and view all the answers

In what polysaccharide form do plants store sugar to be available later for energy?

starch Signup and view all the answers

Glycogen is _____

a polysaccharide found in animals. Signup and view all the answers

Glucose + glucose —> _ by _

maltose + water; dehydration synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a source of lactose?

milk Signup and view all the answers

Cellulose is

a carbohydrate composed of many monomers. Signup and view all the answers

_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

cellulose. Signup and view all the answers

The complex carbohydrate that you are most likely to have eaten recently is _____

starch. Signup and view all the answers

Starch is a storage polysaccharide of

plants. Signup and view all the answers

Many carbohydrates are a source

of energy. Signup and view all the answers

Glucose and fructose are

isomers. Signup and view all the answers

Molecules that share the same chemical composition but differ in their final structures are called

isomers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term for compounds that do not mix with water?

hydrophilic. Signup and view all the answers

A fatty acid containing at least two double bonds is called _____

monounsaturated. Signup and view all the answers

Cholesterol belongs to which class of molecules?

lipids. Signup and view all the answers

RNA is a

nucleic acid. Signup and view all the answers

Olive oil is a

monounsaturated fat. Signup and view all the answers

A chain of amino acids that have been linked together by dehydration synthesis is called a

polypeptide. Signup and view all the answers

A peptide bond binds _____

amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

The building blocks of proteins are called _____.

amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

A polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids bonded together by __________.

peptide bonds. Signup and view all the answers

The building blocks of nucleic acid molecules are called ____.

nucleotides. Signup and view all the answers

People with lactose intolerance produce insufficient amounts of ______.

the enzyme, lactase. Signup and view all the answers

Lactase breaks down lactose to ________ that can be digested.

smaller sugars. Signup and view all the answers

Why might northern Europeans have evolved lactose tolerance?

to increase options for nutrient intake in an environment with a short growing season. Signup and view all the answers

The ability ________ would increase the options for acquiring necessary nutrients.

to drink milk from herd animals. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract with the least digestion?

cellulose (in the lettuce). Signup and view all the answers

Cellulose contains bonds that cannot be broken by...

human digestive enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main sugar used by cells for energy?

glucose. Signup and view all the answers

Cells consume glucose for energy in the process of...

cell respiration. Signup and view all the answers

Plant cell walls consist mainly of _____

cellulose. Signup and view all the answers

The polysaccharide called ______ is a major component of the tough walls that enclose plant cells.

cellulose. Signup and view all the answers

Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid by _____

adding hydrogens. Signup and view all the answers

The characteristic that all lipids have in common is that __________.

none of them dissolve in water. Signup and view all the answers

Lipids are _________, causing their solubility in water to be extremely low.

nonpolar. Signup and view all the answers

Your body contains thousands of different types of proteins, each with a specific function. A protein's function is largely determined by its ____.

shape. Signup and view all the answers

The primary structure of a protein is like the arrangement of beads on a string. In this analogy, the beads are _____.

amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

A protein's alpha helices and beta sheets fold together to create an overall shape at the _____ level of protein structure.

third. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid?

altered function based on which acid. Signup and view all the answers

Large proteins, like DNA polymerase and hemoglobin, are often composed of several polypeptides that are linked together. The _____ level of protein structure describes how the polypeptides are joined to create a larger complex.

fourth. Signup and view all the answers

Many people believe you should consume carbohydrates and proteins in what ratio following a long workout?

4:1. Signup and view all the answers

What are the constituent parts of proteins?

amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary fuel source for muscles?

glycogen. Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is believed to help muscles absorb amino acids?

insulin. Signup and view all the answers

A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is called a _____

gene. Signup and view all the answers

A gene is a discrete unit of...

hereditary information. Signup and view all the answers

How does DNA compare to RNA?

DNA and RNA consist of monomers called nucleotides. Signup and view all the answers

Nucleotides are the building blocks for both types of nucleic acids called....

RNA and DNA. Signup and view all the answers

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____

DNA. Signup and view all the answers

The backbone of a nucleic acid consists of alternating ________

sugar and phosphate groups. Signup and view all the answers

One difference between RNA and DNA?

In RNA uracil is substituted for thymine. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organic Molecules and Reactions

Organic molecules are defined as compounds containing carbon.
Monomers link together through dehydration synthesis, resulting in the removal of a water molecule.
Hydrolysis reactions involve the consumption of water to break polymers into monomers.
A dehydration reaction forms water molecules when synthesizing polymers from monomers.

Carbohydrates

Sugars primarily serve as fuel for the body.
Simple sugars are essential for cellular energy.
Sucrose and maltose are examples of disaccharides, which consist of two monosaccharides.
Cellulose, a polymer made of glucose, is indigestible by most animals, but microorganisms in cows can hydrolyze it to glucose.
Plants store sugar for energy in the form of starch, while animals use glycogen.
Isomers, substances with the same chemical formula but different structures, include glucose and fructose.

Lipids and Proteins

Cholesterol is classified as a lipid.
Monounsaturated fats, like olive oil, contain at least one double bond.
Proteins are composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming polypeptides.
The shape of a protein largely determines its function.
The primary structure of a protein resembles a string of amino acids, while the tertiary structure involves complex folding.

Genetic Information

Nucleic acids consist of nucleotides, which comprise the building blocks for RNA and DNA.
Genes are specific DNA sequences that dictate polypeptide synthesis.
The structure of DNA involves a sugar-phosphate backbone with complementary base pairing.

Nutritional Considerations

People with lactose intolerance produce insufficient lactase, the enzyme needed to digest lactose.
The ability to consume milk from herd animals historically increased nutrient options, especially in regions with short growing seasons.
Post-exercise, a carbohydrate to protein intake ratio of 4:1 is recommended for optimal recovery.

Miscellaneous

Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on Earth, primarily found in plant cell walls.
Certain bonds in cellulose resist breakdown by human digestive enzymes, leading to its passage through the tract largely undigested.

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Description

Test your knowledge on organic molecules and their characteristics, as well as the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. This quiz covers essential definitions and concepts foundational to understanding biology. Perfect for students studying organic chemistry or biology.

Biology Organic Molecules Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of an organic molecule?

Monomers are linked together with...

In a hydrolysis reaction, _____ . In this process, water is _____.

Hydrolysis means

A dehydration reaction is the process in which __________.

Monomers are connected in a reaction in which two molecules are bonded to each other through the loss of a water molecule; this is called a

Sugars are mainly used by our bodies _____

Simple sugar molecules are a major _______ for cellular work.

One characteristic shared by sucrose and maltose is _____

A disaccharide consists of

Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____.

Generally, animals cannot digest the linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cattle get enough nutrients from eating grass?

In what polysaccharide form do plants store sugar to be available later for energy?

Glycogen is _____

Glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____

Which of these is a source of lactose?

Cellulose is

_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

The complex carbohydrate that you are most likely to have eaten recently is _____

Starch is a storage polysaccharide of

Many carbohydrates are a source

Glucose and fructose are

Molecules that share the same chemical composition but differ in their final structures are called

What is the correct term for compounds that do not mix with water?

A fatty acid containing at least two double bonds is called _____

Cholesterol belongs to which class of molecules?

RNA is a

Olive oil is a

A chain of amino acids that have been linked together by dehydration synthesis is called a

A peptide bond binds _____

The building blocks of proteins are called _____.

A polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids bonded together by __________.

The building blocks of nucleic acid molecules are called ____.

People with lactose intolerance produce insufficient amounts of ______.

Lactase breaks down lactose to ________ that can be digested.

Why might northern Europeans have evolved lactose tolerance?

The ability ________ would increase the options for acquiring necessary nutrients.

Which one of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract with the least digestion?

Cellulose contains bonds that cannot be broken by...

What is the main sugar used by cells for energy?

Cells consume glucose for energy in the process of...

Plant cell walls consist mainly of _____

The polysaccharide called ______ is a major component of the tough walls that enclose plant cells.

Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid by _____

The characteristic that all lipids have in common is that __________.

Lipids are _________, causing their solubility in water to be extremely low.

Your body contains thousands of different types of proteins, each with a specific function. A protein's function is largely determined by its ____.

The primary structure of a protein is like the arrangement of beads on a string. In this analogy, the beads are _____.

A protein's alpha helices and beta sheets fold together to create an overall shape at the _____ level of protein structure.

What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid?

Large proteins, like DNA polymerase and hemoglobin, are often composed of several polypeptides that are linked together. The _____ level of protein structure describes how the polypeptides are joined to create a larger complex.

Many people believe you should consume carbohydrates and proteins in what ratio following a long workout?

What are the constituent parts of proteins?

What is the primary fuel source for muscles?

What hormone is believed to help muscles absorb amino acids?

A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is called a _____

A gene is a discrete unit of...

How does DNA compare to RNA?

Nucleotides are the building blocks for both types of nucleic acids called....

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____

The backbone of a nucleic acid consists of alternating ________

One difference between RNA and DNA?

Study Notes

Organic Molecules and Reactions

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Proteins

Genetic Information

Nutritional Considerations

Miscellaneous

Studying That Suits You

Description

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