Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of an organic molecule?
What is a characteristic of an organic molecule?
- Compounds containing nitrogen
- Compounds containing oxygen
- Compounds containing hydrogen
- Compounds containing carbon (correct)
Monomers are linked together with...
Monomers are linked together with...
the removal of a water molecule by dehydration synthesis.
In a hydrolysis reaction, _____ . In this process, water is _____.
In a hydrolysis reaction, _____ . In this process, water is _____.
a polymer breaks up to form monomers; consumed
Hydrolysis means
Hydrolysis means
A dehydration reaction is the process in which __________.
A dehydration reaction is the process in which __________.
Monomers are connected in a reaction in which two molecules are bonded to each other through the loss of a water molecule; this is called a
Monomers are connected in a reaction in which two molecules are bonded to each other through the loss of a water molecule; this is called a
Sugars are mainly used by our bodies _____
Sugars are mainly used by our bodies _____
Simple sugar molecules are a major _______ for cellular work.
Simple sugar molecules are a major _______ for cellular work.
One characteristic shared by sucrose and maltose is _____
One characteristic shared by sucrose and maltose is _____
A disaccharide consists of
A disaccharide consists of
Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____.
Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____.
Generally, animals cannot digest the linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cattle get enough nutrients from eating grass?
Generally, animals cannot digest the linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cattle get enough nutrients from eating grass?
In what polysaccharide form do plants store sugar to be available later for energy?
In what polysaccharide form do plants store sugar to be available later for energy?
Glycogen is _____
Glycogen is _____
Glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____
Glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____
Which of these is a source of lactose?
Which of these is a source of lactose?
Cellulose is
Cellulose is
_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.
_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.
The complex carbohydrate that you are most likely to have eaten recently is _____
The complex carbohydrate that you are most likely to have eaten recently is _____
Starch is a storage polysaccharide of
Starch is a storage polysaccharide of
Many carbohydrates are a source
Many carbohydrates are a source
Glucose and fructose are
Glucose and fructose are
Molecules that share the same chemical composition but differ in their final structures are called
Molecules that share the same chemical composition but differ in their final structures are called
What is the correct term for compounds that do not mix with water?
What is the correct term for compounds that do not mix with water?
A fatty acid containing at least two double bonds is called _____
A fatty acid containing at least two double bonds is called _____
Cholesterol belongs to which class of molecules?
Cholesterol belongs to which class of molecules?
RNA is a
RNA is a
Olive oil is a
Olive oil is a
A chain of amino acids that have been linked together by dehydration synthesis is called a
A chain of amino acids that have been linked together by dehydration synthesis is called a
A peptide bond binds _____
A peptide bond binds _____
The building blocks of proteins are called _____.
The building blocks of proteins are called _____.
A polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids bonded together by __________.
A polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids bonded together by __________.
The building blocks of nucleic acid molecules are called ____.
The building blocks of nucleic acid molecules are called ____.
People with lactose intolerance produce insufficient amounts of ______.
People with lactose intolerance produce insufficient amounts of ______.
Lactase breaks down lactose to ________ that can be digested.
Lactase breaks down lactose to ________ that can be digested.
Why might northern Europeans have evolved lactose tolerance?
Why might northern Europeans have evolved lactose tolerance?
The ability ________ would increase the options for acquiring necessary nutrients.
The ability ________ would increase the options for acquiring necessary nutrients.
Which one of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract with the least digestion?
Which one of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract with the least digestion?
Cellulose contains bonds that cannot be broken by...
Cellulose contains bonds that cannot be broken by...
What is the main sugar used by cells for energy?
What is the main sugar used by cells for energy?
Cells consume glucose for energy in the process of...
Cells consume glucose for energy in the process of...
Plant cell walls consist mainly of _____
Plant cell walls consist mainly of _____
The polysaccharide called ______ is a major component of the tough walls that enclose plant cells.
The polysaccharide called ______ is a major component of the tough walls that enclose plant cells.
Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid by _____
Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid by _____
The characteristic that all lipids have in common is that __________.
The characteristic that all lipids have in common is that __________.
Lipids are _________, causing their solubility in water to be extremely low.
Lipids are _________, causing their solubility in water to be extremely low.
Your body contains thousands of different types of proteins, each with a specific function. A protein's function is largely determined by its ____.
Your body contains thousands of different types of proteins, each with a specific function. A protein's function is largely determined by its ____.
The primary structure of a protein is like the arrangement of beads on a string. In this analogy, the beads are _____.
The primary structure of a protein is like the arrangement of beads on a string. In this analogy, the beads are _____.
A protein's alpha helices and beta sheets fold together to create an overall shape at the _____ level of protein structure.
A protein's alpha helices and beta sheets fold together to create an overall shape at the _____ level of protein structure.
What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid?
What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid?
Large proteins, like DNA polymerase and hemoglobin, are often composed of several polypeptides that are linked together. The _____ level of protein structure describes how the polypeptides are joined to create a larger complex.
Large proteins, like DNA polymerase and hemoglobin, are often composed of several polypeptides that are linked together. The _____ level of protein structure describes how the polypeptides are joined to create a larger complex.
Many people believe you should consume carbohydrates and proteins in what ratio following a long workout?
Many people believe you should consume carbohydrates and proteins in what ratio following a long workout?
What are the constituent parts of proteins?
What are the constituent parts of proteins?
What is the primary fuel source for muscles?
What is the primary fuel source for muscles?
What hormone is believed to help muscles absorb amino acids?
What hormone is believed to help muscles absorb amino acids?
A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is called a _____
A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is called a _____
A gene is a discrete unit of...
A gene is a discrete unit of...
How does DNA compare to RNA?
How does DNA compare to RNA?
Nucleotides are the building blocks for both types of nucleic acids called....
Nucleotides are the building blocks for both types of nucleic acids called....
A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____
A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____
The backbone of a nucleic acid consists of alternating ________
The backbone of a nucleic acid consists of alternating ________
One difference between RNA and DNA?
One difference between RNA and DNA?
Study Notes
Organic Molecules and Reactions
- Organic molecules are defined as compounds containing carbon.
- Monomers link together through dehydration synthesis, resulting in the removal of a water molecule.
- Hydrolysis reactions involve the consumption of water to break polymers into monomers.
- A dehydration reaction forms water molecules when synthesizing polymers from monomers.
Carbohydrates
- Sugars primarily serve as fuel for the body.
- Simple sugars are essential for cellular energy.
- Sucrose and maltose are examples of disaccharides, which consist of two monosaccharides.
- Cellulose, a polymer made of glucose, is indigestible by most animals, but microorganisms in cows can hydrolyze it to glucose.
- Plants store sugar for energy in the form of starch, while animals use glycogen.
- Isomers, substances with the same chemical formula but different structures, include glucose and fructose.
Lipids and Proteins
- Cholesterol is classified as a lipid.
- Monounsaturated fats, like olive oil, contain at least one double bond.
- Proteins are composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming polypeptides.
- The shape of a protein largely determines its function.
- The primary structure of a protein resembles a string of amino acids, while the tertiary structure involves complex folding.
Genetic Information
- Nucleic acids consist of nucleotides, which comprise the building blocks for RNA and DNA.
- Genes are specific DNA sequences that dictate polypeptide synthesis.
- The structure of DNA involves a sugar-phosphate backbone with complementary base pairing.
Nutritional Considerations
- People with lactose intolerance produce insufficient lactase, the enzyme needed to digest lactose.
- The ability to consume milk from herd animals historically increased nutrient options, especially in regions with short growing seasons.
- Post-exercise, a carbohydrate to protein intake ratio of 4:1 is recommended for optimal recovery.
Miscellaneous
- Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on Earth, primarily found in plant cell walls.
- Certain bonds in cellulose resist breakdown by human digestive enzymes, leading to its passage through the tract largely undigested.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on organic molecules and their characteristics, as well as the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. This quiz covers essential definitions and concepts foundational to understanding biology. Perfect for students studying organic chemistry or biology.
