Chapter 4 Mixed Test

An Uneven Sense of Touch

• The sense of touch is not located in one specific place, but rather throughout the skin, making it the largest sense organ.
• Blind people use their fingertips to read Braille because fingertips contain a high concentration of touch receptors.
• Different areas of the body have varying sensitivities to touch.

Check and Reflect Questions

• 1. Add the nervous system to the previously started systems concept map.
• 2. List at least six stimuli experienced today, identifying the corresponding sense for each.
• 3. Describe the role of the nervous system.
• 4. Compare and contrast the central and peripheral nervous systems.
• 5. Explain how practicing a skill, like playing a musical instrument, automates actions.
• 6. Explain how a neuron's structure enables its function.

Cells in 3-D (Activity)

• Design a 3-D model of a cell using household items.
• Create a chart/mind map listing items and their cell structure representation.
• Explain why certain items represent specific cell structures.

Medical Lab Technologist (Career Profile)

• Lab technologists play a vital role in saving lives through diagnosing illness and infections.
• Lab technologists analyze samples using various tests to help identify disease.

Section Review Questions

• 1. Create a flowchart/concept map summarizing the path and roles of glucose in the body.
• 2. a) Identify the two body systems involved in gas exchange. b) Describe their collaborative role in gas exchange. c) Is this an example of interaction? Why or why not?
• 3. Compare and contrast arteries and veins.
• 4. Draw and label the parts of the heart.
• 5. Describe how the body responds if lost in the desert for a day without water.
• 6. Explain the role of skin in the excretory (waste removal) system.
• 7. Explain the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
• 8. List body systems humans can live without, giving reasons.

Developing a Theory for Disease

• Historically, 50% of people with wounds requiring treatment died from infection.
• In the 1600s - 1700s, smallpox was a significant killer in Europe, leaving many blind or dead from the disease.
• Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine, using cowpox to prevent smallpox, demonstrating an immunity-building principle.

Factors Affecting the Respiratory System

• Cigarettes contain over 4000 chemicals, including harmful substances like tar and nicotine that damage the respiratory system.
• Tar settles in the lungs, preventing the cilia from clearing mucus.
• Carbon monoxide prevents oxygen absorption in blood cells.
• Nicotine is a highly addictive drug that increases heart rate and blood pressure.

Factors Affecting the Circulatory System

• Dietary fats are transformed into cholesterol, which builds up in arteries, causing them to narrow (atherosclerosis).
• Narrowed arteries increase heart strain, leading to heart attacks or strokes.
• The heart can be transplanted to replace diseased ones.

Factors Affecting the Digestive System

• Stomach ulcers are caused by bacteria (H. pylori).
• The bacteria breaks down the mucous lining of the stomach causing pain and sores.
• Ulcers are commonly treated with antibiotics.

Assessment

• 1. Identify and describe two environmental factors influencing cell health.
• 2. Name three researchers contributing to disease prevention. Identify their discoveries.
• 3. Define and describe pasteurization and how it applies to a specific food.
• 4. Discuss why understanding nutrition is crucial for maintaining health.
• 5. Describe three chemicals found in cigarettes, explaining their negative effects.

Unit Summary: Cells and Systems

• Provide a summary of the unit's key concepts and how they interact to maintain a healthy body system.
• This section provides key concepts about biological organisms from cells to systems and their interaction.
• It explains scientific methods and their contributions to medical applications, and factors influencing proper body function.