Chapter 4 Mixed Test
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways?

  • Bronchitis
  • Stomach Ulcer
  • Asthma (correct)
  • Emphysema

    • Smoking is beneficial for respiratory health.

    False (B)

    Name one way to maintain a healthy digestive system.

    Eat a high-fiber diet.

    The basic unit of life is called a ______.

    <p>cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting the respiratory system?

    <p>High fiber diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Tissue = A group of similar cells that carry out a similar function Enzyme = A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction Osmosis = The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane Artery = A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peristalsis is the process that moves food through the respiratory system.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>To bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is known to cause difficulty in breathing due to damage in the lungs?

    <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nicotine has no effect on blood pressure and heart rate.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

    <p>To transport blood throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ is a highly addictive drug found in tobacco products.

    <p>Nicotine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following health risks to their related conditions:

    <p>Heart attack = Atherosclerosis Breathe difficulties = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cancer death = Lung cancer Plaque build-up = Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can negatively impact the circulatory system?

    <p>High saturated fat diet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic stress has no impact on the digestive system.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is peristalsis?

    <p>The process that moves food through the digestive system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for planning and executing the movement involved in kicking a soccer ball?

    <p>Cerebrum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Scurvy is caused by an excess of vitamin C.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pasteur discover about germs and disease?

    <p>Germs cause disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Villi increase the surface area of the small intestine for nutrient __________.

    <p>absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their descriptions:

    <p>Cerebellum = Coordinates muscle movements Brainstem = Controls heart rate and breathing Tar = Damages cells and causes cancer Scurvy = A disease caused by a lack of vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors do NOT affect health?

    <p>Phone brand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tar is beneficial to cell health.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two factors that can affect health.

    <p>Diet, exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed antiseptic surgery by building on the work of Pasteur and Jenner?

    <p>Joseph Lister (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infectious diseases are caused by macroscopic organisms.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do vaccines introduce to the body to help fight diseases?

    <p>A weakened version of a germ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ are known to dramatically reduce the number of deaths from infectious diseases.

    <p>Vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the factors that affect health with their examples:

    <p>Inherited factors = Genetics and family history Environmental factors = Exposure to pollutants Lifestyle factors = Diet and physical activity Health consequences = Chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the reasons why water is essential for life?

    <p>It regulates cell temperature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an inherited factor affecting health?

    <p>Diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cell organelles are more complex than organ systems.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do red blood cells play in your health?

    <p>They deliver oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic stress can have a positive effect on the immune system.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What harmful substance in cigarettes settles on the lungs and damages cilia?

    <p>Tar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Salt is a preservative because it draws _____ out of food.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of cell with its function:

    <p>Red blood cells = Deliver oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide White blood cells = Fight off infections Nerve cells = Transmit electrical signals throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a way that diseases can be transmitted from one person to another?

    <p>Coughing and sneezing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eating a healthy diet can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two things you can do to improve your health.

    <p>Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the primary function of an atrium in the heart?

    <p>To receive blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fingernails are living things because they are part of the body.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most basic unit of all living things?

    <p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tissues are made up of ______.

    <p>cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures do animals use to provide support?

    <p>Bones, cartilage, and ligaments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of cell with a unique feature:

    <p>Plant cell = Has a cell wall and chloroplasts Animal cell = Does not have a cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Solute particles can easily move through a selectively permeable membrane.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of membrane that allows only certain particles to pass through is called ______.

    <p>selectively permeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    An Uneven Sense of Touch

    • The sense of touch is not located in one specific place, but rather throughout the skin, making it the largest sense organ.
    • Blind people use their fingertips to read Braille because fingertips contain a high concentration of touch receptors.
    • Different areas of the body have varying sensitivities to touch.

    Check and Reflect Questions

    • 1. Add the nervous system to the previously started systems concept map.
    • 2. List at least six stimuli experienced today, identifying the corresponding sense for each.
    • 3. Describe the role of the nervous system.
    • 4. Compare and contrast the central and peripheral nervous systems.
    • 5. Explain how practicing a skill, like playing a musical instrument, automates actions.
    • 6. Explain how a neuron's structure enables its function.

    Cells in 3-D (Activity)

    • Design a 3-D model of a cell using household items.
    • Create a chart/mind map listing items and their cell structure representation.
    • Explain why certain items represent specific cell structures.

    Medical Lab Technologist (Career Profile)

    • Lab technologists play a vital role in saving lives through diagnosing illness and infections.
    • Lab technologists analyze samples using various tests to help identify disease.

    Section Review Questions

    • 1. Create a flowchart/concept map summarizing the path and roles of glucose in the body.
    • 2. a) Identify the two body systems involved in gas exchange. b) Describe their collaborative role in gas exchange. c) Is this an example of interaction? Why or why not?
    • 3. Compare and contrast arteries and veins.
    • 4. Draw and label the parts of the heart.
    • 5. Describe how the body responds if lost in the desert for a day without water.
    • 6. Explain the role of skin in the excretory (waste removal) system.
    • 7. Explain the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
    • 8. List body systems humans can live without, giving reasons.

    Developing a Theory for Disease

    • Historically, 50% of people with wounds requiring treatment died from infection.
    • In the 1600s - 1700s, smallpox was a significant killer in Europe, leaving many blind or dead from the disease.
    • Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine, using cowpox to prevent smallpox, demonstrating an immunity-building principle.

    Factors Affecting the Respiratory System

    • Cigarettes contain over 4000 chemicals, including harmful substances like tar and nicotine that damage the respiratory system.
    • Tar settles in the lungs, preventing the cilia from clearing mucus.
    • Carbon monoxide prevents oxygen absorption in blood cells.
    • Nicotine is a highly addictive drug that increases heart rate and blood pressure.

    Factors Affecting the Circulatory System

    • Dietary fats are transformed into cholesterol, which builds up in arteries, causing them to narrow (atherosclerosis).
    • Narrowed arteries increase heart strain, leading to heart attacks or strokes.
    • The heart can be transplanted to replace diseased ones.

    Factors Affecting the Digestive System

    • Stomach ulcers are caused by bacteria (H. pylori).
    • The bacteria breaks down the mucous lining of the stomach causing pain and sores.
    • Ulcers are commonly treated with antibiotics.

    Assessment

    • 1. Identify and describe two environmental factors influencing cell health.
    • 2. Name three researchers contributing to disease prevention. Identify their discoveries.
    • 3. Define and describe pasteurization and how it applies to a specific food.
    • 4. Discuss why understanding nutrition is crucial for maintaining health.
    • 5. Describe three chemicals found in cigarettes, explaining their negative effects.

    Unit Summary: Cells and Systems

    • Provide a summary of the unit's key concepts and how they interact to maintain a healthy body system.
    • This section provides key concepts about biological organisms from cells to systems and their interaction.
    • It explains scientific methods and their contributions to medical applications, and factors influencing proper body function.

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