40 Questions
What primarily happens to ATP when its concentration increases in the cell?
It releases a phosphate
Which process uses energy to combine simple precursors into complex molecules?
Anabolism
What happens in the catabolic pathway when large fat molecules are broken down?
Release of fatty acids
Which type of molecule gives off a color under specific conditions and can indicate the presence of specific bacteria in a culture medium?
Chromogen
What is the role of CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) in archaea and bacteria?
Protect against foreign genetic elements
What term describes the large molecules that must be stored by organisms to store energy for winter?
Fat molecules
What is a coenzyme?
An organic non-protein compound that binds with an enzyme
Which process involves breaking down nutrients and food to increase ATP concentration in cells?
Catabolism
Which process is directly initiated by coenzyme A?
Fatty acid production
What is a major function of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)?
Providing coenzyme for glycolysis
Which of these vitamins lead to the production of coenzymes?
Vitamin C and B complex
Which statement is true about coenzymes that are not derived from vitamins?
They ensure essential functions like blood clotting and metabolism.
What molecule does ATP transport within cells to provide energy?
Phosphate
What is the major source from which coenzyme A is naturally derived?
Vitamin B5
Which coenzyme is most widely distributed in the human body?
ATP
What would likely happen if ATP was unavailable in cells?
Normal life functions would cease due to lack of cellular energy.
What does the root word 'auto' in 'autotroph' imply?
Self
Which process do photoautotrophs use to make organic materials?
Photosynthesis
Why are autotrophs considered crucial for the survival of ecosystems?
They provide energy for heterotrophs
What was essential for the first life forms on Earth to exist?
Autotrophic capability
How do photoautotrophs primarily trap energy?
By capturing photons from the Sun
What likely triggered the evolution of heterotrophs?
Proliferation of autotrophs making energy conversion easier
Which type of organisms are included in photoautotrophs?
All plants
What significant role besides making organic compounds do photoautotrophs perform?
Taking carbon from the atmosphere
Which process in cells results in the production of macromolecules by forming chemical bonds between smaller molecules?
Anabolism
What enzyme-based technique is used to increase the sensitivity of nucleic acid detection methods?
Amplification
Which extraembryonic membrane is specifically responsible for surrounding and protecting the amniote embryo?
Amnion
Which process returns nitrogen to the soil or water, allowing plants to absorb it?
Ammonification
In metabolic terms, what is the result of catabolic pathways within the cell?
Release of energy
Which process requires the input of energy to synthesize new structures within the cell?
Anabolic pathways
What terms describe the two types of metabolic pathways in a cell?
Catabolism and anabolism
What synchronizes the control of both anabolism and catabolism within an organism?
Circadian rhythms
What is the primary organ where gluconeogenesis takes place?
Liver
Which process is the opposite of gluconeogenesis?
Glycolysis
What does gram staining primarily help to identify?
Cell wall properties of bacteria
What is a heme capable of holding due to its special structure?
Iron molecule
In which organisms are introns specifically found?
Eukaryotic
What are Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) important for?
Organ transplant tolerance
What is the study of tissue composition and structure called?
Histology
What causes healthcare-associated infections?
Treatment for other conditions in healthcare settings
Quiz on the nitrogen cycle, specifically ammonification, and embryonic development in amniotes, including the roles of extraembryonic membranes.
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