Biology: Nitrogen Cycle and Embryonic Development
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Questions and Answers

What primarily happens to ATP when its concentration increases in the cell?

  • It stores more energy
  • It releases a phosphate (correct)
  • It decomposes into ADT
  • It forms complex carbohydrates
  • Which process uses energy to combine simple precursors into complex molecules?

  • Photolysis
  • Anabolism (correct)
  • Glycolysis
  • Catabolism
  • What happens in the catabolic pathway when large fat molecules are broken down?

  • Release of fatty acids (correct)
  • Creation of glycogen
  • Formation of amino acids
  • Accumulation of ATP
  • Which type of molecule gives off a color under specific conditions and can indicate the presence of specific bacteria in a culture medium?

    <p>Chromogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) in archaea and bacteria?

    <p>Protect against foreign genetic elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the large molecules that must be stored by organisms to store energy for winter?

    <p>Fat molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a coenzyme?

    <p>An organic non-protein compound that binds with an enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves breaking down nutrients and food to increase ATP concentration in cells?

    <p>Catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is directly initiated by coenzyme A?

    <p>Fatty acid production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major function of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)?

    <p>Providing coenzyme for glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these vitamins lead to the production of coenzymes?

    <p>Vitamin C and B complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about coenzymes that are not derived from vitamins?

    <p>They ensure essential functions like blood clotting and metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule does ATP transport within cells to provide energy?

    <p>Phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major source from which coenzyme A is naturally derived?

    <p>Vitamin B5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coenzyme is most widely distributed in the human body?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would likely happen if ATP was unavailable in cells?

    <p>Normal life functions would cease due to lack of cellular energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the root word 'auto' in 'autotroph' imply?

    <p>Self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process do photoautotrophs use to make organic materials?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are autotrophs considered crucial for the survival of ecosystems?

    <p>They provide energy for heterotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was essential for the first life forms on Earth to exist?

    <p>Autotrophic capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do photoautotrophs primarily trap energy?

    <p>By capturing photons from the Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What likely triggered the evolution of heterotrophs?

    <p>Proliferation of autotrophs making energy conversion easier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organisms are included in photoautotrophs?

    <p>All plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant role besides making organic compounds do photoautotrophs perform?

    <p>Taking carbon from the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in cells results in the production of macromolecules by forming chemical bonds between smaller molecules?

    <p>Anabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme-based technique is used to increase the sensitivity of nucleic acid detection methods?

    <p>Amplification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which extraembryonic membrane is specifically responsible for surrounding and protecting the amniote embryo?

    <p>Amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process returns nitrogen to the soil or water, allowing plants to absorb it?

    <p>Ammonification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In metabolic terms, what is the result of catabolic pathways within the cell?

    <p>Release of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process requires the input of energy to synthesize new structures within the cell?

    <p>Anabolic pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What terms describe the two types of metabolic pathways in a cell?

    <p>Catabolism and anabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What synchronizes the control of both anabolism and catabolism within an organism?

    <p>Circadian rhythms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary organ where gluconeogenesis takes place?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is the opposite of gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does gram staining primarily help to identify?

    <p>Cell wall properties of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a heme capable of holding due to its special structure?

    <p>Iron molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organisms are introns specifically found?

    <p>Eukaryotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) important for?

    <p>Organ transplant tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of tissue composition and structure called?

    <p>Histology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes healthcare-associated infections?

    <p>Treatment for other conditions in healthcare settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

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