Biology: Movement of Water Across Cell Membranes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main factor affecting the movement of water across the plasma membrane?

  • Pressure exerted on the plasma membrane
  • Temperature of the surrounding environment
  • Amount of substance dissolved in water (correct)
  • Light intensity around the cell

In which type of solution will a cell gain water by osmosis?

  • Isotonic solution
  • Hypertonic solution
  • Hypotonic solution (correct)
  • Acidic solution

What happens to a cell when placed in an isotonic solution?

  • There is no net movement of water across the cell membrane (correct)
  • The cell undergoes division
  • The cell swells up
  • The cell shrinks

Which type of solution would cause a cell to lose water by osmosis?

<p>Hypertonic solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the movement of water differ for a cell in a hypotonic solution compared to an isotonic solution?

<p>More water enters the cell in a hypotonic solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

<p>Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a plant cell when placed in a hypotonic solution?

<p>The cell bursts due to excessive water uptake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cell walls contribute to the survival of cells in hypotonic environments?

<p>They provide structural support and prevent cell lysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the consequence of placing an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?

<p>Cell bursting due to water influx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use iodine solution when observing an onion peel under a microscope?

<p>To enhance the color contrast of the cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of osmosis?

<p>The movement of substances other than water across a selectively permeable membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concentration of a solution affect the direction of osmosis in plant cells?

<p>In a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink and plasmolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concentration of a solution affect the direction of osmosis in animal cells?

<p>In a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell causing it to swell and lyse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of diffusion in cellular respiration?

<p>Diffusion facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cell and its environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osmosis in plant cells?

<p>To provide the necessary water pressure for the plant's structural support and growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the most likely outcome if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

<p>The cell would expand and potentially burst due to water entering the cell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a cell to have a functioning Golgi apparatus?

<p>To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for transport. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cellular respiration, where does most of the ATP production occur?

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does diffusion play a role in gaseous exchange in organisms?

<p>Diffusion allows for the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide across respiratory surfaces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do cells require a selectively permeable plasma membrane?

<p>To regulate the passage of specific substances while maintaining internal conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the differential staining observed when iodine solution is applied to an onion peel?

<p>Different regions of the cells appear darker due to variations in their chemical composition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nuclear membrane in a cell?

<p>To protect the nucleus from external factors and regulate the exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the process of diffusion contribute to gaseous exchange in cellular respiration?

<p>Both oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through diffusion during cellular respiration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely effect of placing an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?

<p>The cell will swell and potentially burst due to the influx of water by osmosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an isotonic solution affect plant cells?

<p>The cells will maintain their original size and shape. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of diffusion in cellular respiration?

<p>Diffusion facilitates the movement of oxygen from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration within the cell, enabling cellular respiration to occur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of a hypotonic solution on an animal cell?

<p>The cell will swell and potentially burst due to the influx of water through osmosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the effect of an isotonic solution on a plant cell?

<p>The cell will maintain its original size and shape, as there is no net movement of water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of diffusion in gaseous exchange in organisms?

<p>Diffusion allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and the surrounding environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the process of osmosis differ between plant and animal cells when placed in a hypotonic solution?

<p>Plant cells will undergo plasmolysis, while animal cells will swell and potentially burst. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is primarily responsible for the movement of gases during cellular respiration?

<p>Simple diffusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will initially experience:

<p>Endosmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an animal cell is placed in an isotonic solution, what would be the expected outcome?

<p>The cell will maintain its original shape and size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the storage and modification of proteins and other substances in plant cells?

<p>Golgi apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what would be the expected outcome?

<p>The cell will lose water, and the plasma membrane will detach from the cell wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?

<p>Chloroplast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of solution would an animal cell be most likely to undergo lysis?

<p>Hypotonic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the central vacuole in mature plant cells?

<p>Storage of wastes and important substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the cell membrane in plant cells?

<p>It regulates the movement of materials between the cell and its environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle in eukaryotic cells is involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of mitochondria having their own DNA and ribosomes?

<p>Mitochondria can make some of their own proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain why lysosomes are referred to as the 'suicide bags' of a cell.

<p>Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that can break down cellular components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the structural features of the mitochondria that contribute to their function as powerhouses of the cell.

<p>Mitochondria have deeply folded inner membranes to increase surface area for ATP generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

<p>The Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing, packaging, and distributing molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between chromoplasts and leucoplasts in plant cells.

<p>Chromoplasts are colored plastids while leucoplasts are white or colorless plastids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?

<p>The primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum is to synthesize proteins and lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of lysosomes within a cell.

<p>Lysosomes are known as the 'suicide bags' of the cell because they contain enzymes that break down cellular waste and foreign invaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the mitochondria contribute to cellular function?

<p>Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in protein processing and secretion?

<p>The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or for use within the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plastids, such as chloroplasts, contribute to the overall function of plant cells?

<p>Plastids, including chloroplasts, are responsible for processes such as photosynthesis and storage of pigments and nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the dual function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a eukaryotic cell.

<p>The endoplasmic reticulum functions as a passageway for intracellular transport and as a manufacturing surface for proteins and lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of lysosomes in a cell and how they contribute to cellular processes.

<p>Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They help in breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders in the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells and their role in cellular respiration.

<p>Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell as they are responsible for generating ATP through cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Detail the functions of the Golgi apparatus in a cell and its importance in cellular processes.

<p>The Golgi apparatus is involved in the storage, modification, and packaging of substances manufactured in the cell. It plays a crucial role in processing and transporting proteins and lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between chromoplasts and leucoplasts found in plant cells and explain their specific functions.

<p>Chromoplasts contain chlorophyll and are responsible for photosynthesis, while leucoplasts are involved in storage functions within the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism in a cell.

<p>The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis and lipid metabolism in a cell. It provides a surface for chemical reactions, transport of synthesized proteins, and detoxification of drugs and poisons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of lysosomes and their importance in cellular waste disposal and recycling.

<p>Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris for recycling. They play a key role in maintaining cellular health and balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of mitochondria in cellular respiration and energy production.

<p>Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell responsible for generating ATP through the process of cellular respiration. They convert energy from nutrients into a form usable by the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the role of the Golgi apparatus in the modification, packaging, and transport of proteins within a cell.

<p>The Golgi apparatus processes and modifies proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them into vesicles, and directs them to their final destinations within and outside the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the functions of plastids in plant cells and distinguish between chloroplasts and other types of plastids.

<p>Plastids are organelles in plant cells responsible for processes like photosynthesis, starch storage, and pigment synthesis. Chloroplasts are a type of plastid specifically involved in photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism within a cell.

<p>The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. It has rough ER with ribosomes for protein synthesis and smooth ER for lipid metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the importance of lysosomes in cellular function and maintenance.

<p>Lysosomes are responsible for the digestion of waste materials, cell renewal, and programmed cell death (apoptosis).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of mitochondria as the powerhouse of the cell and its role in ATP production.

<p>Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for various cellular activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the functions of the Golgi apparatus in processing and packaging proteins for secretion.

<p>The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for secretion or for use within the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compare and contrast the functions of chromoplasts and leucoplasts in plant cells.

<p>Chromoplasts are responsible for pigment synthesis and coloration, while leucoplasts are involved in storage of starch, oils, and proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a eukaryotic cell?

<p>Protein synthesis and lipid metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of lysosomes in a cell.

<p>Intracellular digestion and waste removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of mitochondria in a cell?

<p>ATP production through cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells.

<p>Protein modification, sorting, and packaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plastids in eukaryotic cells differ from the chlorophyll-associated structures in prokaryotic cells?

<p>Plastids are membrane-bound organelles involved in photosynthesis, while chlorophyll in prokaryotic cells is associated with membranous vesicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in liver cells of vertebrates?

<p>Detoxifying many poisons and drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the scientist who first described the Golgi apparatus?

<p>Camillo Golgi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

<p>Storage, modification, and packaging of products in vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what organelle are complex sugars sometimes made from simple sugars?

<p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nickname often used for lysosomes within a cell?

<p>'suicide bags'</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did Camillo Golgi first start his investigations into the nervous system?

<p>In a little kitchen at the Hospital for the Chronically Sick at Abbiategrasso</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria within a cell?

<p>ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe organelles like chloroplasts in plant cells?

<p>Plastids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor affecting the movement of water across the plasma membrane?

<p>Concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plastids, such as chloroplasts, contribute to the overall function of plant cells?

<p>By carrying out photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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