80 Questions
What is the main factor affecting the movement of water across the plasma membrane?
Amount of substance dissolved in water
In which type of solution will a cell gain water by osmosis?
Hypotonic solution
What happens to a cell when placed in an isotonic solution?
There is no net movement of water across the cell membrane
Which type of solution would cause a cell to lose water by osmosis?
Hypertonic solution
How does the movement of water differ for a cell in a hypotonic solution compared to an isotonic solution?
More water enters the cell in a hypotonic solution
What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis
What happens to a plant cell when placed in a hypotonic solution?
The cell bursts due to excessive water uptake
How do cell walls contribute to the survival of cells in hypotonic environments?
They provide structural support and prevent cell lysis
What would be the consequence of placing an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?
Cell bursting due to water influx
Why is it important to use iodine solution when observing an onion peel under a microscope?
To enhance the color contrast of the cells
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of osmosis?
The movement of substances other than water across a selectively permeable membrane
How does the concentration of a solution affect the direction of osmosis in plant cells?
In a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink and plasmolysis
How does the concentration of a solution affect the direction of osmosis in animal cells?
In a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell causing it to swell and lyse
What is the role of diffusion in cellular respiration?
Diffusion facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cell and its environment
What is the primary function of osmosis in plant cells?
To provide the necessary water pressure for the plant's structural support and growth
What would be the most likely outcome if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
The cell would expand and potentially burst due to water entering the cell.
Why is it important for a cell to have a functioning Golgi apparatus?
To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for transport.
In the context of cellular respiration, where does most of the ATP production occur?
Mitochondria
How does diffusion play a role in gaseous exchange in organisms?
Diffusion allows for the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide across respiratory surfaces.
Why do cells require a selectively permeable plasma membrane?
To regulate the passage of specific substances while maintaining internal conditions.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the differential staining observed when iodine solution is applied to an onion peel?
Different regions of the cells appear darker due to variations in their chemical composition.
What is the primary function of the nuclear membrane in a cell?
To protect the nucleus from external factors and regulate the exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
How does the process of diffusion contribute to gaseous exchange in cellular respiration?
Both oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through diffusion during cellular respiration.
What is the likely effect of placing an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?
The cell will swell and potentially burst due to the influx of water by osmosis.
How does an isotonic solution affect plant cells?
The cells will maintain their original size and shape.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of diffusion in cellular respiration?
Diffusion facilitates the movement of oxygen from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration within the cell, enabling cellular respiration to occur.
What is the primary effect of a hypotonic solution on an animal cell?
The cell will swell and potentially burst due to the influx of water through osmosis.
Which of the following accurately describes the effect of an isotonic solution on a plant cell?
The cell will maintain its original size and shape, as there is no net movement of water.
What is the primary role of diffusion in gaseous exchange in organisms?
Diffusion allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and the surrounding environment.
How does the process of osmosis differ between plant and animal cells when placed in a hypotonic solution?
Plant cells will undergo plasmolysis, while animal cells will swell and potentially burst.
Which process is primarily responsible for the movement of gases during cellular respiration?
Simple diffusion
In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will initially experience:
Endosmosis
If an animal cell is placed in an isotonic solution, what would be the expected outcome?
The cell will maintain its original shape and size
Which organelle is responsible for the storage and modification of proteins and other substances in plant cells?
Golgi apparatus
If a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what would be the expected outcome?
The cell will lose water, and the plasma membrane will detach from the cell wall
Which organelle in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
In which type of solution would an animal cell be most likely to undergo lysis?
Hypotonic
What is the primary function of the central vacuole in mature plant cells?
Storage of wastes and important substances
Which statement is true about the cell membrane in plant cells?
It regulates the movement of materials between the cell and its environment
Which organelle in eukaryotic cells is involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the significance of mitochondria having their own DNA and ribosomes?
Mitochondria can make some of their own proteins.
Explain why lysosomes are referred to as the 'suicide bags' of a cell.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that can break down cellular components.
Describe the structural features of the mitochondria that contribute to their function as powerhouses of the cell.
Mitochondria have deeply folded inner membranes to increase surface area for ATP generation.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing, packaging, and distributing molecules.
Distinguish between chromoplasts and leucoplasts in plant cells.
Chromoplasts are colored plastids while leucoplasts are white or colorless plastids.
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
The primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum is to synthesize proteins and lipids.
Explain the significance of lysosomes within a cell.
Lysosomes are known as the 'suicide bags' of the cell because they contain enzymes that break down cellular waste and foreign invaders.
How does the mitochondria contribute to cellular function?
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in protein processing and secretion?
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or for use within the cell.
How do plastids, such as chloroplasts, contribute to the overall function of plant cells?
Plastids, including chloroplasts, are responsible for processes such as photosynthesis and storage of pigments and nutrients.
Explain the dual function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a eukaryotic cell.
The endoplasmic reticulum functions as a passageway for intracellular transport and as a manufacturing surface for proteins and lipids.
Describe the role of lysosomes in a cell and how they contribute to cellular processes.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They help in breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders in the cell.
Explain the significance of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells and their role in cellular respiration.
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell as they are responsible for generating ATP through cellular respiration.
Detail the functions of the Golgi apparatus in a cell and its importance in cellular processes.
The Golgi apparatus is involved in the storage, modification, and packaging of substances manufactured in the cell. It plays a crucial role in processing and transporting proteins and lipids.
Distinguish between chromoplasts and leucoplasts found in plant cells and explain their specific functions.
Chromoplasts contain chlorophyll and are responsible for photosynthesis, while leucoplasts are involved in storage functions within the cell.
Explain the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism in a cell.
The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis and lipid metabolism in a cell. It provides a surface for chemical reactions, transport of synthesized proteins, and detoxification of drugs and poisons.
Describe the function of lysosomes and their importance in cellular waste disposal and recycling.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris for recycling. They play a key role in maintaining cellular health and balance.
Explain the significance of mitochondria in cellular respiration and energy production.
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell responsible for generating ATP through the process of cellular respiration. They convert energy from nutrients into a form usable by the cell.
Discuss the role of the Golgi apparatus in the modification, packaging, and transport of proteins within a cell.
The Golgi apparatus processes and modifies proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them into vesicles, and directs them to their final destinations within and outside the cell.
Explain the functions of plastids in plant cells and distinguish between chloroplasts and other types of plastids.
Plastids are organelles in plant cells responsible for processes like photosynthesis, starch storage, and pigment synthesis. Chloroplasts are a type of plastid specifically involved in photosynthesis.
Explain the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism within a cell.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. It has rough ER with ribosomes for protein synthesis and smooth ER for lipid metabolism.
Describe the importance of lysosomes in cellular function and maintenance.
Lysosomes are responsible for the digestion of waste materials, cell renewal, and programmed cell death (apoptosis).
Explain the significance of mitochondria as the powerhouse of the cell and its role in ATP production.
Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for various cellular activities.
Discuss the functions of the Golgi apparatus in processing and packaging proteins for secretion.
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for secretion or for use within the cell.
Compare and contrast the functions of chromoplasts and leucoplasts in plant cells.
Chromoplasts are responsible for pigment synthesis and coloration, while leucoplasts are involved in storage of starch, oils, and proteins.
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a eukaryotic cell?
Protein synthesis and lipid metabolism
Describe the function of lysosomes in a cell.
Intracellular digestion and waste removal
What is the main role of mitochondria in a cell?
ATP production through cellular respiration
Explain the significance of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells.
Protein modification, sorting, and packaging
How do plastids in eukaryotic cells differ from the chlorophyll-associated structures in prokaryotic cells?
Plastids are membrane-bound organelles involved in photosynthesis, while chlorophyll in prokaryotic cells is associated with membranous vesicles.
What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in liver cells of vertebrates?
Detoxifying many poisons and drugs
Who was the scientist who first described the Golgi apparatus?
Camillo Golgi
What are the main functions of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
Storage, modification, and packaging of products in vesicles
In what organelle are complex sugars sometimes made from simple sugars?
Golgi apparatus
What is the nickname often used for lysosomes within a cell?
'suicide bags'
Where did Camillo Golgi first start his investigations into the nervous system?
In a little kitchen at the Hospital for the Chronically Sick at Abbiategrasso
What is the primary function of mitochondria within a cell?
ATP production
What term is used to describe organelles like chloroplasts in plant cells?
Plastids
What is the main factor affecting the movement of water across the plasma membrane?
Concentration gradient
How do plastids, such as chloroplasts, contribute to the overall function of plant cells?
By carrying out photosynthesis
Test your understanding of osmosis and the impact of solute concentration on the movement of water across cell membranes. Explore the potential outcomes when animal or plant cells are placed in solutions with different solute concentrations.
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