12 Questions
What is the main function of polysaccharides in living organisms?
Provide energy and structure
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats have single bonds, unsaturated fats have double bonds
What is the term for the movement of water from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution?
Osmosis
Which of the following is NOT a type of carbohydrate?
Polypeptide
What is the term for the process of joining two monomers to form a polymer?
Dehydration reaction
What is the term for a type of lipid that is not a polymer?
Triglyceride
What type of molecules are lipids classified as?
Hydrophobic
What is the function of starches and glycogen in living organisms?
To store energy
What is the process called when water moves from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution?
Osmosis
What is the term for a type of fatty acid that has been converted from an unsaturated to a saturated state?
Trans fat
What is the term for a type of molecule that is composed of many smaller units called monomers?
Polymer
What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Diffusion
Study Notes
Biological Molecules
- Biological molecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA, which are composed of amino acids.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates break down to provide energy and structure for the body.
- Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides are simple sugars.
- Polysaccharides are used for storage and include starch and glycogen.
- Starch is found in plants, while glycogen is found in animals.
- Chitin is a polysaccharide found in insect exoskeletons and is used in surgical thread.
Lipids
- Lipids are not polymers and are hydrophobic (non-polar).
- Hydrophilic molecules are polar, while hydrophobic molecules are non-polar.
- Trans fats are unsaturated fats that are converted to saturated fats by adding hydrogen.
- Saturated fats are considered "bad" cholesterol, while unsaturated fats are considered "good" cholesterol.
- HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is considered "good" cholesterol, while LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is considered "bad" cholesterol.
Chemical Reactions
- A dehydration reaction is a process that joins two monomers to form a polymer.
Nucleic Acids and Genetics
- Nucleic acids, such as DNA, contain genes that transmit genetic information to offspring.
Cellular Transport
- Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
- Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
- Hypotonic solutions have a low solute concentration and a high water concentration.
- Hypertonic solutions have a high solute concentration and a low water concentration.
Biological Molecules
- Biological molecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA, which are composed of amino acids.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates break down to provide energy and structure for the body.
- Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides are simple sugars.
- Polysaccharides are used for storage and include starch and glycogen.
- Starch is found in plants, while glycogen is found in animals.
- Chitin is a polysaccharide found in insect exoskeletons and is used in surgical thread.
Lipids
- Lipids are not polymers and are hydrophobic (non-polar).
- Hydrophilic molecules are polar, while hydrophobic molecules are non-polar.
- Trans fats are unsaturated fats that are converted to saturated fats by adding hydrogen.
- Saturated fats are considered "bad" cholesterol, while unsaturated fats are considered "good" cholesterol.
- HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is considered "good" cholesterol, while LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is considered "bad" cholesterol.
Chemical Reactions
- A dehydration reaction is a process that joins two monomers to form a polymer.
Nucleic Acids and Genetics
- Nucleic acids, such as DNA, contain genes that transmit genetic information to offspring.
Cellular Transport
- Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
- Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
- Hypotonic solutions have a low solute concentration and a high water concentration.
- Hypertonic solutions have a high solute concentration and a low water concentration.
This quiz covers the basics of biological molecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It also explores the structures and functions of these molecules, including monomers, polymers, and polysaccharides.
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