Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of heat-fixing a sample before staining?
What is the primary purpose of heat-fixing a sample before staining?
A student observes a sample using a light microscope. If the actual size of a cell is 10µm and the image size is measured as 5mm, what is the magnification under which they are viewing?
A student observes a sample using a light microscope. If the actual size of a cell is 10µm and the image size is measured as 5mm, what is the magnification under which they are viewing?
Which type of slide preparation is most appropriate for observing the movement of a living organism under a microscope?
Which type of slide preparation is most appropriate for observing the movement of a living organism under a microscope?
Which of these is NOT considered a standard convention when creating biological drawings?
Which of these is NOT considered a standard convention when creating biological drawings?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method of slide preparation is most likely used to observe cells undergoing mitosis?
Which method of slide preparation is most likely used to observe cells undergoing mitosis?
Signup and view all the answers
In a biological drawing of a cell sample, what should NOT be included?
In a biological drawing of a cell sample, what should NOT be included?
Signup and view all the answers
If the actual size of a cell is 20µm, and the magnification used is x400, what will be size of the image observed under the microscope?
If the actual size of a cell is 20µm, and the magnification used is x400, what will be size of the image observed under the microscope?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following stains is used as a negative stain, producing contrast by staining the background?
Which of the following stains is used as a negative stain, producing contrast by staining the background?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary factor that determines resolution in microscopy?
What is the primary factor that determines resolution in microscopy?
Signup and view all the answers
A light microscope has a 10x eyepiece lens and is using a 40x objective lens. What is the total magnification?
A light microscope has a 10x eyepiece lens and is using a 40x objective lens. What is the total magnification?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the smallest distance that can be resolved using a light microscope?
What is the smallest distance that can be resolved using a light microscope?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of microscope would be the most suitable to view the internal structures of a virus in detail?
Which type of microscope would be the most suitable to view the internal structures of a virus in detail?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an advantage of using a light microscope over an electron microscope?
Which of the following is an advantage of using a light microscope over an electron microscope?
Signup and view all the answers
An image under a light microscope shows a cell with a width of 5 mm using a 40x objective lens. If the eyepiece lens is 10x, what is the actual size of the cell?
An image under a light microscope shows a cell with a width of 5 mm using a 40x objective lens. If the eyepiece lens is 10x, what is the actual size of the cell?
Signup and view all the answers
If you were using a light microscope to view multiple layered cells in a sample of human skin, what sample could you be looking at?
If you were using a light microscope to view multiple layered cells in a sample of human skin, what sample could you be looking at?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main difference between a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope?
What is the main difference between a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the nuclear pores found in the nuclear envelope?
What is the primary function of the nuclear pores found in the nuclear envelope?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the function of the cristae in mitochondria?
Which of the following best describes the function of the cristae in mitochondria?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the key structural difference that distinguishes the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
What is the key structural difference that distinguishes the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Signup and view all the answers
Where can 70s ribosomes be found within eukaryotic cells?
Where can 70s ribosomes be found within eukaryotic cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cellular component is responsible for the synthesis and assembly of ribosomes?
Which cellular component is responsible for the synthesis and assembly of ribosomes?
Signup and view all the answers
If a cell is unable to produce ATP molecules efficiently, which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?
If a cell is unable to produce ATP molecules efficiently, which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a key function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Which of the following is a key function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the structure and organization of the Golgi body?
Which of the following best describes the structure and organization of the Golgi body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of a stage micrometer?
What is the purpose of a stage micrometer?
Signup and view all the answers
If 40 eyepiece graticule divisions correspond to 10 μm on a stage micrometer, what is the length of one eyepiece graticule division?
If 40 eyepiece graticule divisions correspond to 10 μm on a stage micrometer, what is the length of one eyepiece graticule division?
Signup and view all the answers
A leaf cell appears to be 8 eyepiece graticule divisions long. If each graticule division is 0.5 μm, what is the actual length of the cell?
A leaf cell appears to be 8 eyepiece graticule divisions long. If each graticule division is 0.5 μm, what is the actual length of the cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures is present in plant cells, but typically absent in animal cells?
Which of the following structures is present in plant cells, but typically absent in animal cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of the large central vacuole in a mature plant cell?
What is the main function of the large central vacuole in a mature plant cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of carbohydrate storage is commonly found in plant cells?
Which type of carbohydrate storage is commonly found in plant cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the cell surface membrane?
What is the primary function of the cell surface membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures are present in animal cells but absent in higher plant cells?
Which of the following structures are present in animal cells but absent in higher plant cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of lysosomes?
What is the main function of lysosomes?
Signup and view all the answers
What structural component primarily makes up microtubules?
What structural component primarily makes up microtubules?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cell structure is responsible for the organization of spindle fibers during cell division?
Which cell structure is responsible for the organization of spindle fibers during cell division?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the primary role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Signup and view all the answers
How do plasmodesmata facilitate communication between plant cells?
How do plasmodesmata facilitate communication between plant cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is primarily involved in increasing surface area for absorption?
Which structure is primarily involved in increasing surface area for absorption?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main component of the cell wall in plant cells that provides structural support?
What is the main component of the cell wall in plant cells that provides structural support?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following correctly describes the function of flagella?
Which of the following correctly describes the function of flagella?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the large permanent vacuole in plant cells?
What is the primary function of the large permanent vacuole in plant cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following accurately describes a prokaryotic cell?
Which of the following accurately describes a prokaryotic cell?
Signup and view all the answers
How do ribosomes differ between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
How do ribosomes differ between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is not present in prokaryotic cells?
Which structure is not present in prokaryotic cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the tonoplast in plant cells?
What is the role of the tonoplast in plant cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What are viruses primarily classified as?
What are viruses primarily classified as?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about the genome of viruses is false?
Which statement about the genome of viruses is false?
Signup and view all the answers
In which eukaryotic structures can you find the nucleolus?
In which eukaryotic structures can you find the nucleolus?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Microscopy
- Microscopy is used to view cellular detail. Specimens are prepared to allow light to pass through.
- Different preparation methods (wet mounts, squashes, smears, etc.) are used depending on the type of specimen.
- Specimens may require staining to make internal structures visible.
- Common stains include Crystal Violet (for cell walls), Methylene Blue (for nuclei), and Congo Red (for background contrast).
- Biological drawings are line diagrams that show the observed features of cells.
- Biological drawings should adhere to conventions, including having a title, magnification, clear lines, appropriate proportions, and labels connecting to specific parts.
Magnification Calculations
- Magnification is the increase in apparent size of the object.
- Magnification = Image Size / Actual Size
- Light microscopes have an eyepiece and objective lenses.
- Total magnification = Eyepiece magnification x Objective magnification
Resolution
- Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two different points.
- Higher resolution means clearer detail in the specimen.
- Resolution is determined by the wavelength of the light source. Shorter wavelengths (such as electron waves) lead to higher resolution.
Light and Electron Microscopes
- Light microscopes use light to view specimens larger than 200nm.
- Electron microscopes use electrons to view specimens smaller than 0.5nm, offering much higher magnification and resolution.
Cell Organelles - Plant and Animals Cells
- Plant Cells: Contain a cell wall, chloroplasts, a large central vacuole, and plasmodesmata. Lack centrioles.
- Animal Cells: Lack a cell wall and chloroplasts; instead, they have centrioles.
Cell Organelles (Detailed Description)
- Cell surface membrane: Controls the exchange of materials, partially permeable.
- Nucleus: Controls cell activities; contains DNA, nucleolus produces ribosomes.
- Mitochondria: Site of aerobic respiration, ATP production; contains cristae and matrix.
- Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis.
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER): Synthesizes proteins, has ribosomes.
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER): Synthesizes lipids and steroids.
- Golgi apparatus: Processes and packages proteins/lipids.
- Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes for waste breakdown.
- Microtubules: Part of the cytoskeleton, involved in cell division and support.
- Centrioles: Involved in cell division.
- Cilia/Flagella: Used for movement.
- Microvilli: Increases surface area for absorption.
- Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis.
- Cell wall: Provides structural support in plant and prokaryotic cells. Composed of cellulose in plants, peptidoglycan in prokaryotes.
- Plasmodesmata: Channels between plant cells.
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic: Simpler, lack a nucleus, and other membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotic: More complex, contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Viruses
- Non-cellular infectious particles; much smaller than prokaryotic cells.
- Consist of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat (capsid).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on various microscopy techniques and biological drawing conventions. This quiz covers topics such as heat-fixing, slide preparation methods, and magnification calculations. Perfect for students studying biology and microbiology.
