Biology: Microorganisms Overview

Study Notes

Bacteria

Prokaryotic microorganisms, lacking a defined nucleus.
Highly diverse, existing in various environments and forms.
Single-celled organisms that reproduce asexually.
Exhibit specific shapes, including cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla (spiral).
Function as decomposers, breaking down organic matter in ecosystems.
Possess rigid cell walls composed of peptidoglycan, aiding in structural integrity and communication.

Fungi

Eukaryotic organisms characterized by complex cellular structures.
Obtain nutrients through absorption from living or decaying organic matter.
Feature cell walls composed of chitin, distinguishing them from plants.
Include various forms such as molds and yeasts, which play essential roles in decomposition and fermentation.

Algae

Eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms that contribute significantly to aquatic ecosystems.
Can be unicellular or multicellular, with examples ranging from microscopic phytoplankton to macroscopic seaweeds.
Typically green due to chlorophyll, thriving near the surface of freshwater and marine environments.
Possess rigid cell walls but lack peptidoglycan, differing from bacterial cells.

Protozoa

Eukaryotic microorganisms often referred to as "first animals" due to their animal-like characteristics.
Primarily found in aquatic environments and within the bodies of animals.
Exhibit diverse forms and functions, including predatory behavior and symbiotic relationships.

Virus

Unique infectious agents that do not consist of cells and are neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic.
Composed of genetic material (DNA or RNA) encased in a protein coat.
Cannot reproduce independently; require host cells for replication and propagation.

Helminth

Parasitic worms that inhabit the bodies of other organisms, often causing disease.
Includes various types such as flukes, roundworms, and tapeworms, each with distinct life cycles and transmission methods.
Contribute to public health concerns due to their impact on human and animal health.

Description

This quiz covers essential information about three major groups of microorganisms: bacteria, fungi, and algae. You'll learn about their unique characteristics, functions in ecosystems, and cellular structures. Test your knowledge on these vital life forms and their roles in the environment.