37 Questions
What is the primary ingredient in energy drinks that promotes lipolysis?
Caffeine
What is the result of excessive caffeine intake?
Elevated heart rate and blood pressure
What is the primary source of energy used directly by the cell?
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
What is the byproduct of ATP breakdown?
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
What is the purpose of creatine phosphate in the body?
To regenerate ATP from ADP
What is the risk associated with mixing energy drinks with alcohol?
Doubled risk of injury and need for medical attention
What is the primary function of the mitochondrion in the cell?
To generate energy for the cell through aerobic metabolism
How many kilocalories per gram does alcohol contain?
7
What is the term for the 'building' of new substances that require energy?
Anabolism
Where is alcohol primarily metabolized in the body?
Liver
What is the term for the sequence of reactions that convert compounds from one form to another in the production of energy?
Metabolic pathway
What is the result of inborn errors of metabolism?
Buildup of toxins
What is the main function of the liver in terms of metabolism?
To metabolize, store, and distribute nutrients after absorption
What is the term for the 'breakdown' of molecules to produce energy?
Catabolism
What is the role of MEOS in the metabolism of alcohol?
Used when intake is high
What happens to excess energy from alcohol in the body?
It is converted to fatty acids and stored as triglycerides
What is the fluid portion of the cell where anaerobic metabolism takes place?
Cytosol
What is the function of creatine phosphate in muscle cells?
To store energy in the form of high-energy compound
What is the primary source of energy for the brain and red blood cells?
Glucose
What is the process by which carbohydrates provide energy to the cell?
Glycolysis
What is the byproduct of glycolysis that can be converted to acetyl CoA during aerobic metabolism?
Pyruvate
What is the process by which dietary fat (triglycerides) is broken down into fatty acids and glycerol?
Lipolysis
What is the term for the ability of fatty acids to be converted into ketone bodies?
Ketogenic
What is the primary function of anaerobic metabolism?
To produce ATP quickly for short-duration activities
What is the term for the process by which glycerol is converted to glucose?
Gluconeogenesis
What is the primary source of energy for muscle contractions?
ATP
What is the term for the process by which carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are broken down to produce energy?
Metabolism
What is the role of acetyl CoA in aerobic metabolism?
It is the gateway molecule for all energy nutrients
What is the primary function of the TCA cycle?
To gather electrons from the carbons in the energy nutrients
What is the byproduct of the TCA cycle that is used to form new nonessential amino acids?
Alpha-ketoglutarate
What is the percentage of ATP generated by the electron transport chain?
90%
What is the role of flavoproteins in the electron transport chain?
They transfer electrons from one complex to another
What happens to excess kilocalories when you eat too much?
They are stored as glycogen and adipose tissue
What is the alternative fuel source used by the body during fasting or limited carbohydrate intake?
Ketone bodies
What is the result of a build-up of excess ketone bodies in the blood?
Ketoacidosis
What is the primary source of energy for the body during fasting or starvation?
Fatty acids
What is the role of the electron transport chain in the final stage of metabolism?
To transfer electrons from one complex to another
Test your knowledge of metabolism, the sum of all chemical reactions in the body's cells, including energy generation and biological compound production. Learn about glycolysis, TCA cycle, and electron transport chain.
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