Questions and Answers
What does 'bios' mean in the context of biology?
life
What does 'logos' mean in the context of biology?
study
What is biology defined as?
the study of life
Which of the following is NOT a level of biological organization?
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What is the smallest unit of a living thing?
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All living things are composed of one or more cells.
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The cell is the basic unit of life.
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All cells come from new cells.
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Who is credited with the invention of the first compound microscope?
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In what year did Robert Hooke describe the cells he observed?
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What term did Robert Hooke use to describe the tiny empty boxes he observed in cork?
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What does the term 'animalcules' refer to?
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Who is commonly known as the 'Father of Microbiology'?
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What did Robert Brown discover in orchid leaf cells?
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Study Notes
Definitions
- Biology: The study of life and organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments.
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Cell Theory: A foundational principle in biology consisting of three main postulates:
- All living things are composed of one or more cells.
- The cell is the basic unit of life.
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Levels of Biological Organization
- Atoms: Basic unit of matter; bonds form molecules.
- Molecules: Groups of atoms; smallest unit of chemical compounds; molecular structures compose cells.
- Cells: Smallest living units; they group into tissues.
- Tissues: Groups of similar cells working together; organize into organs.
- Organs: Comprised of multiple tissue types; specialized for specific tasks.
- Organ Systems: Groups of organs that function together.
- Organism/Individual: A single living entity with all necessary organ systems.
- Population: Multiple individuals of the same species in a defined area and specific time.
- Community: Interactions among different populations in a specific area.
- Ecosystem: A community and its non-living environmental factors.
- Biosphere: The global sum of all ecosystems; areas of the Earth that support life.
Key Historical Figures in Cell Discovery
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Zacharias Janssen (1595): Invented the first compound microscope; introduced the concept of using two glass lenses to magnify objects.
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Robert Hooke (1665): Utilized a compound microscope to examine cork slices; discovered and named "cells," referring to their resemblance to monastery rooms; identified dead cells in cork tissue.
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674): Enhanced microscope design; first to document live microorganisms from diverse samples; termed “animalcules” for motile organisms; recognized motility as a sign of life; known as the "Father of Microbiology."
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Robert Brown (1831): Discovered the nucleus as a central structure in plant cells, contributing to the understanding of cellular organization.
Microscope Overview
- Microscope: A scientific instrument designed to view very small objects by enlarging the image. Different types enhance observational capabilities in biology, leading to significant discoveries in cell structure and function.
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Description
This quiz explores the various levels of biological organization, from atoms to ecosystems. Understand how these levels interact and contribute to the study of life and organisms. Perfect for students seeking to solidify their understanding of biological concepts.
