Questions and Answers
What is the meaning of the term 'Biology'?
Life study or science of life
Which of the following are characteristics of life? (Select all that apply)
The Law of Biogenesis states that life can come from non-living matter.
False
What is the Cell Theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two types of cells based on the presence of a nucleus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following are components that all cells have? (Select all that apply)
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Cells optimize their surface area-to-volume ratio because they are _____ in size.
Signup and view all the answers
Animal cells have a cell wall.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following tissues with their types:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Introduction to Biology
- Biology derives from Greek terms 'bios' (life) and 'logos' (study/science).
- Major branches include various specializations, examining life forms and their functions.
Characteristics of Life (CHOGeRM)
- All living organisms exhibit characteristics such as Cell organization, Homeostasis, Organization, Growth, Reproduction, and Metabolism.
Spontaneous Generation and Biogenesis
- Spontaneous Generation posits that life arises from non-living matter, now discredited.
- Law of Biogenesis asserts that life only arises from pre-existing life of the same kind.
Cell Theory
- Cell Theory consists of three postulates: all living things are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells.
Endosymbiotic Theory
- Proposes that eukaryotic cells originated through symbiotic relationships between prokaryotic organisms.
- Supported by evidence such as mitochondria and chloroplasts having their own DNA and ribosomes.
Types of Cells
- Cells can be classified as unicellular (single-celled) or multicellular (many cells).
- Cells are also categorized based on nucleus presence: Prokaryotic (no nucleus) and Eukaryotic (with nucleus).
Components of All Cells
- Every cell contains a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes.
Prokaryotic Cells
- Simple, unicellular organisms with a lack of membrane-bound organelles and a simple structure.
Key Parts of Prokaryotic Cells
- Structures include cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and genetic material (DNA).
Cell Structure and Functions
- Cells are the fundamental units of life, optimized for function by being small to enhance surface area-to-volume ratios.
Cell Membrane
- The cell membrane is semi-permeable and regulates the transport of substances in and out of the cell.
Ribosomes
- Sites of protein synthesis found in all cell types, vital for cellular function.
Endomembrane System
- Comprises interconnected membranes within eukaryotic cells, facilitating transport and communication.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
- Rough ER is studded with ribosomes; Smooth ER lacks ribosomes.
Golgi Complex
- Processes, sorts, and ships proteins and lipids produced in the ER.
Lysosomes
- Contain enzymes for digestion of waste materials and cellular debris.
Mitochondria
- Known as the powerhouse of the cell; responsible for energy production through ATP synthesis.
Cytoskeleton
- Provides structural support, shape, and facilitates cellular movement.
Centrosome and Centrioles
- Centrosomes organize microtubules; centrioles are involved in cell division.
Locomotory Organelles
- Cilia and flagella help in cell movement, differing in structure and function.
Plant vs Animal Cells
- Key differences include the presence of a cell wall and plastids in plant cells; animal cells contain centrioles.
Tissues Overview
- Primary tissue types include epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues, each with distinct structures and functions.
Epithelial Tissues
- Cover body surfaces and line cavities; specialized for absorption, secretion, and protection.
Connective Tissues
- Support and connect different tissues; diverse types include loose connective, adipose, blood, and bone.
Muscle Tissue
- Composed of specialized cells for contraction; includes skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), and cardiac muscle tissues.
Nervous Tissue
- Comprised of neurons and glial cells; essential for signal transmission throughout the body.
Plant Tissues
- Divided into meristematic (actively dividing) and permanent tissues, playing roles in growth and support.
Cell Membrane Transport
- The cell membrane regulates transport; can occur via passive transport (no energy) or active transport (requires energy).
Concentration Gradient
- Refers to the difference in concentration of substances across a membrane, guiding transport mechanisms.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Dive into the foundational concepts of Biology in this quiz. Explore the branches of biology, the characteristics of life, and the principles of spontaneous generation and biogenesis. Perfect for anyone starting their journey in biological sciences.
