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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the sticky mucus on mucous membranes?
What is the main function of the sticky mucus on mucous membranes?
How do hairs in the nose and ears protect the body from pathogens?
How do hairs in the nose and ears protect the body from pathogens?
Which body surface is protected by beneficial microorganisms that combat disease-causing organisms?
Which body surface is protected by beneficial microorganisms that combat disease-causing organisms?
What is the role of the acidic stomach secretions in protecting the body?
What is the role of the acidic stomach secretions in protecting the body?
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Which white blood cell type is able to move using amoeboid locomotion and leave the blood to go to infected tissues?
Which white blood cell type is able to move using amoeboid locomotion and leave the blood to go to infected tissues?
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What is the main function of a macrophage in the immune system?
What is the main function of a macrophage in the immune system?
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Where do B cells mature?
Where do B cells mature?
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What type of immune response is controlled by activated B cells and antibodies?
What type of immune response is controlled by activated B cells and antibodies?
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What stimulates phagocytosis when present in the body?
What stimulates phagocytosis when present in the body?
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How do antibodies interfere with viruses or bacteria?
How do antibodies interfere with viruses or bacteria?
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What type of immunity gives the host long-term protection from reinfection?
What type of immunity gives the host long-term protection from reinfection?
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Which part of the immune system produces specific antibodies?
Which part of the immune system produces specific antibodies?
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What is the main role of mast cells?
What is the main role of mast cells?
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What do cytokines do in the immune system?
What do cytokines do in the immune system?
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What is the purpose of inflammation in the body?
What is the purpose of inflammation in the body?
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Which type of white blood cell arrives early at the site of inflammation?
Which type of white blood cell arrives early at the site of inflammation?
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How does a fever help during an infection?
How does a fever help during an infection?
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When should a dangerously high fever be suppressed?
When should a dangerously high fever be suppressed?
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What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune response?
What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune response?
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Which type of immunity involves giving antibodies from an outside source for immediate protection?
Which type of immunity involves giving antibodies from an outside source for immediate protection?
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What is the role of dendritic cells and macrophages in the immune response?
What is the role of dendritic cells and macrophages in the immune response?
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What is the main function of the immune factors described in the text?
What is the main function of the immune factors described in the text?
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Where are dendritic cells primarily located in the body?
Where are dendritic cells primarily located in the body?
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Which type of immune response is always present and defends against all pathogens rather than focusing on specific ones?
Which type of immune response is always present and defends against all pathogens rather than focusing on specific ones?
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Which immune cells are unable to recognize pathogens without assistance?
Which immune cells are unable to recognize pathogens without assistance?
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What is a characteristic of external and chemical barriers described in the text?
What is a characteristic of external and chemical barriers described in the text?
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Which of the following best describes the adaptive immune response as per the text?
Which of the following best describes the adaptive immune response as per the text?
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What happens to antigen fragments once they are transported to the surface of an antigen-presenting cell?
What happens to antigen fragments once they are transported to the surface of an antigen-presenting cell?
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What is the role of pathogens in relation to hosts as explained in the text?
What is the role of pathogens in relation to hosts as explained in the text?
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Which statement accurately describes innate immunity according to the text?
Which statement accurately describes innate immunity according to the text?
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What is the main function of the innate immune response?
What is the main function of the innate immune response?
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How does the immune system respond upon re-exposure to a pathogen?
How does the immune system respond upon re-exposure to a pathogen?
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Which part of the immune system depends on physical and chemical barriers as the first line of defense?
Which part of the immune system depends on physical and chemical barriers as the first line of defense?
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What is the role of cytokines in the immune response?
What is the role of cytokines in the immune response?
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How does a fever help during an infection?
How does a fever help during an infection?
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What is the primary function of mast cells in the immune system?
What is the primary function of mast cells in the immune system?
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Which white blood cell type is attracted to the site of inflammation and is responsible for engulfing and digesting pathogens?
Which white blood cell type is attracted to the site of inflammation and is responsible for engulfing and digesting pathogens?
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What cellular response is triggered by the cytokines released from white blood cells after pathogen recognition?
What cellular response is triggered by the cytokines released from white blood cells after pathogen recognition?
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What do capillaries do in response to the chemical signals that trigger inflammation?
What do capillaries do in response to the chemical signals that trigger inflammation?
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What is the primary function of Natural Killer (NK) cells in the immune system?
What is the primary function of Natural Killer (NK) cells in the immune system?
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How does the Complement System primarily function in the immune response?
How does the Complement System primarily function in the immune response?
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What distinguishes Adaptive Immunity from Innate Immunity?
What distinguishes Adaptive Immunity from Innate Immunity?
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Which characteristic is unique to Adaptive Immunity compared to Innate Immunity?
Which characteristic is unique to Adaptive Immunity compared to Innate Immunity?
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How does the immune system respond after exposure to an antigen, as described in the text?
How does the immune system respond after exposure to an antigen, as described in the text?
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What is the specific role of Liver cells and macrophages in the Complement System?
What is the specific role of Liver cells and macrophages in the Complement System?
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What is the role of cilia in the upper respiratory tract according to the text?
What is the role of cilia in the upper respiratory tract according to the text?
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What is the primary function of the acidic stomach secretions mentioned in the text?
What is the primary function of the acidic stomach secretions mentioned in the text?
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Which statement accurately describes the role of macrophages in the immune system as per the text?
Which statement accurately describes the role of macrophages in the immune system as per the text?
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How do beneficial microorganisms in the body protect against disease-causing organisms?
How do beneficial microorganisms in the body protect against disease-causing organisms?
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Which component of internal defenses involves cells that are nucleated and can move using amoeboid locomotion?
Which component of internal defenses involves cells that are nucleated and can move using amoeboid locomotion?
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What is the main function of the enzyme found in saliva, mucus, and tears as per the text?
What is the main function of the enzyme found in saliva, mucus, and tears as per the text?
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Where do T cells mature before migrating to the spleen and lymph nodes?
Where do T cells mature before migrating to the spleen and lymph nodes?
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What is the function of immunoglobulin in the immune system?
What is the function of immunoglobulin in the immune system?
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In which body fluids can antibodies be found according to the text?
In which body fluids can antibodies be found according to the text?
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What is the role of B cells in the immune response to antigens?
What is the role of B cells in the immune response to antigens?
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How do antibodies interfere with viruses or bacteria?
How do antibodies interfere with viruses or bacteria?
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Which immune cells are primarily attracted by antigen-antibody complexes?
Which immune cells are primarily attracted by antigen-antibody complexes?
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Innate immunity is specific toward a particular kind of pathogen.
Innate immunity is specific toward a particular kind of pathogen.
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The adaptive immune response defends against all pathogens rather than focusing on specific ones.
The adaptive immune response defends against all pathogens rather than focusing on specific ones.
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The second line of defense includes physical and chemical barriers.
The second line of defense includes physical and chemical barriers.
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Protein keratin in the skin helps resist physical entry into cells.
Protein keratin in the skin helps resist physical entry into cells.
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The adaptive immune response depends on physical and chemical barriers as the first line of defense.
The adaptive immune response depends on physical and chemical barriers as the first line of defense.
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The immune system produces antibodies that specifically target individual pathogens.
The immune system produces antibodies that specifically target individual pathogens.
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Mucous membranes protect body openings by providing a physical trap for pathogens.
Mucous membranes protect body openings by providing a physical trap for pathogens.
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Hairs in the nose and ears protect the body by releasing enzymes that break down bacterial cell walls.
Hairs in the nose and ears protect the body by releasing enzymes that break down bacterial cell walls.
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Cilia in the upper respiratory tract help move trapped pathogens up to the mouth.
Cilia in the upper respiratory tract help move trapped pathogens up to the mouth.
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The acidic surface of the skin promotes bacterial growth.
The acidic surface of the skin promotes bacterial growth.
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Saliva, mucus, and tears contain an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls.
Saliva, mucus, and tears contain an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls.
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The acidic stomach secretions do not play a role in killing pathogens entering the digestive system.
The acidic stomach secretions do not play a role in killing pathogens entering the digestive system.
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B cells mature in the thymus.
B cells mature in the thymus.
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Immunoglobulins are proteins produced by plasma cells after stimulation by an antigen.
Immunoglobulins are proteins produced by plasma cells after stimulation by an antigen.
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Memory in adaptive immunity provides short-term protection from reinfection.
Memory in adaptive immunity provides short-term protection from reinfection.
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T cells mature at the spleen before migrating to the lymph nodes.
T cells mature at the spleen before migrating to the lymph nodes.
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Antibodies circulate in the blood stream, but not in the lymphatic system.
Antibodies circulate in the blood stream, but not in the lymphatic system.
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Phagocytic cells are not attracted by antigen-antibody complexes.
Phagocytic cells are not attracted by antigen-antibody complexes.
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Mast cells release chemicals in response to emotional injury.
Mast cells release chemicals in response to emotional injury.
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Cytokines regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, and gene expression.
Cytokines regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, and gene expression.
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Inflammation is only a response to chemical irritation by pathogens.
Inflammation is only a response to chemical irritation by pathogens.
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Neutrophils are late arriving white blood cells at the site of inflammation.
Neutrophils are late arriving white blood cells at the site of inflammation.
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A fever helps inhibit the growth of pathogens and speed up cellular repair processes.
A fever helps inhibit the growth of pathogens and speed up cellular repair processes.
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Dangerously high fever should always be suppressed.
Dangerously high fever should always be suppressed.
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NK cells can kill cells infected with viruses or cancerous cells.
NK cells can kill cells infected with viruses or cancerous cells.
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The Complement System is made up of approximately 10 types of proteins.
The Complement System is made up of approximately 10 types of proteins.
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Adaptive Immunity is specific to substances and organisms that belong in the body.
Adaptive Immunity is specific to substances and organisms that belong in the body.
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The adaptive immune response takes minutes to become established.
The adaptive immune response takes minutes to become established.
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Innate Immune Response occurs after exposure to an antigen from a pathogen or a vaccination.
Innate Immune Response occurs after exposure to an antigen from a pathogen or a vaccination.
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The main function of macrophages is to synthesize inactive forms of complement proteins continuously.
The main function of macrophages is to synthesize inactive forms of complement proteins continuously.
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