DNA Replication
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Questions and Answers

What does the Central Dogma of molecular biology represent?

  • The backward flow of information from Proteins to RNA to DNA
  • The one-time flow of information from RNA to DNA only
  • The random flow of information between different molecules
  • The flow of information from DNA to RNA to Proteins (correct)

    • What are genes?

  • RNA sequences that encode lipids
  • Amino acids that make up proteins
  • DNA sequences that encode proteins (correct)
  • Enzymes responsible for DNA replication

    • Which enzyme is used by retroviruses to make DNA from RNA?

  • Helicase
  • Reverse transcriptase (correct)
  • Polymerase
  • Ligase

    • What do the four letters (A,T,G,C) represent in the genetic code?

    <p>Nucleotides that make up DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a CODON?

    <p>A 3-letter word in the genetic code that codes for an amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the genetic code with only 4 bases translate into 20 possible amino acids?

    <p>Through 3-letter words (CODONS) coding for specific amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many amino acids could be sequenced if each base coded for one amino acid?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is using pairs of bases insufficient to code for amino acids?

    <p>Too few combinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many combinations are possible when using 3 bases to code for each amino acid?

    <p>64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is responsible for unwinding and opening the DNA strands during replication?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do helicases act during the DNA replication process?

    <p>Origins of replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the chemical energy required for DNA replication?

    <p>Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a primer in DNA replication?

    <p>Initiates the synthesis of a new DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of new DNA strands in prokaryotes during DNA replication?

    <p>DNA Polymerase III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the daughter strand that grows continuously from 5' to 3' during DNA replication?

    <p>Leading strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA polymerase III in DNA replication?

    <p>Catalyzes elongation of new DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a primer necessary in DNA replication?

    <p>To initiate the synthesis of a new DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the 3' end of the leading strand during DNA replication?

    <p>Nucleotides are added to it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for using 3 bases to code for each amino acid in the genetic code?

    <p>To increase the number of possible combinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for bringing substrates to the DNA strand template?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of helicases in DNA replication?

    <p>Unwinding and opening DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following provides the chemical energy required for DNA replication?

    <p>ATP molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the points where new DNA strands grow in both directions during DNA replication?

    <p>Replication forks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would using pairs of bases be insufficient to code for amino acids in the genetic code?

    <p>It would not provide enough combinations for the amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'Central Dogma' in molecular biology?

    <p>The mechanism by which inherited information is used to create enzymes and structural proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?

    <p>It makes DNA from RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is gene expression related to DNA and proteins?

    <p>Gene expression refers to the process where genes encode proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a primer in DNA replication?

    <p>To start the synthesis of a new DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of the leading strand during DNA replication in prokaryotes?

    <p>DNA Polymerase III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the genetic code written in 3-letter words (codons) instead of single letters?

    <p>To increase the number of amino acids that can be coded for</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA Polymerase III during DNA replication?

    <p>To catalyze elongation of new DNA strands in prokaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the 4 bases (A, T, G, C) in DNA translated into sequences of amino acids?

    <p>A combination of three bases codes for a specific amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strand of a daughter DNA molecule grows continuously from 5' to 3' during DNA replication?

    <p>Leading strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'codon' refer to in molecular biology?

    <p>A nucleic acid word made up of three nucleotide letters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the lagging strand need to direct 5' to 3' synthesis during DNA replication?

    <p>To maintain antiparallelism with the leading strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a primer in DNA replication?

    <p>To provide a starting point for DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Central Dogma of molecular biology states that DNA is used to create actual objects like enzymes and structural proteins.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genes are DNA sequences that encode lipids.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genetic code is written in 2-letter words, with each coding for a particular amino acid.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are 5 letters in the genetic code alphabet (A, T, G, C, U).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Central Dogma represents the process by which genetic information is passed from parents to offspring.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A codon consists of 4 nucleotide letters.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The PRIMER needed to start a new DNA strand is made of RNA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA Polymerase III catalyzes elongation of new DNA strands in eukaryotes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The LEADING STRAND grows from 3' to 5' during DNA replication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The LAGGING STRAND is parallel to the LEADING STRAND during DNA replication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA nucleotides are added to the 5' end of the chain during DNA replication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PRIMASES are responsible for forming Primers during DNA Replication.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using 4 bases to code for amino acids would result in 16 possible combinations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pairing bases to code for amino acids would allow for 16 different combinations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using 3 bases to code for each amino acid allows for 64 combinations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA replication is a conservative process where both parent strands are preserved in the new DNA molecules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for bringing substrates to the DNA strand template during replication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Helicases are enzymes that act at specific places called Replication Forks during DNA replication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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