54 Questions
What does the Central Dogma of molecular biology represent?
The flow of information from DNA to RNA to Proteins
What are genes?
DNA sequences that encode proteins
Which enzyme is used by retroviruses to make DNA from RNA?
Reverse transcriptase
What do the four letters (A,T,G,C) represent in the genetic code?
Nucleotides that make up DNA
What is a CODON?
A 3-letter word in the genetic code that codes for an amino acid
How does the genetic code with only 4 bases translate into 20 possible amino acids?
Through 3-letter words (CODONS) coding for specific amino acids
How many amino acids could be sequenced if each base coded for one amino acid?
4
Why is using pairs of bases insufficient to code for amino acids?
Too few combinations
How many combinations are possible when using 3 bases to code for each amino acid?
64
What enzyme is responsible for unwinding and opening the DNA strands during replication?
Helicase
Where do helicases act during the DNA replication process?
Origins of replication
What provides the chemical energy required for DNA replication?
Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates
What is the role of a primer in DNA replication?
Initiates the synthesis of a new DNA strand
Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of new DNA strands in prokaryotes during DNA replication?
DNA Polymerase III
What is the name given to the daughter strand that grows continuously from 5' to 3' during DNA replication?
Leading strand
What is the function of DNA polymerase III in DNA replication?
Catalyzes elongation of new DNA strands
Why is a primer necessary in DNA replication?
To initiate the synthesis of a new DNA strand
What happens at the 3' end of the leading strand during DNA replication?
Nucleotides are added to it
What is the main reason for using 3 bases to code for each amino acid in the genetic code?
To increase the number of possible combinations
In DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for bringing substrates to the DNA strand template?
DNA polymerase
What is the role of helicases in DNA replication?
Unwinding and opening DNA strands
Which of the following provides the chemical energy required for DNA replication?
ATP molecules
What is the term used to describe the points where new DNA strands grow in both directions during DNA replication?
Replication forks
Why would using pairs of bases be insufficient to code for amino acids in the genetic code?
It would not provide enough combinations for the amino acids
What is meant by the term 'Central Dogma' in molecular biology?
The mechanism by which inherited information is used to create enzymes and structural proteins
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?
It makes DNA from RNA
How is gene expression related to DNA and proteins?
Gene expression refers to the process where genes encode proteins
What is the function of a primer in DNA replication?
To start the synthesis of a new DNA strand
Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of the leading strand during DNA replication in prokaryotes?
DNA Polymerase III
Why is the genetic code written in 3-letter words (codons) instead of single letters?
To increase the number of amino acids that can be coded for
What is the role of DNA Polymerase III during DNA replication?
To catalyze elongation of new DNA strands in prokaryotes
How are the 4 bases (A, T, G, C) in DNA translated into sequences of amino acids?
A combination of three bases codes for a specific amino acid
Which strand of a daughter DNA molecule grows continuously from 5' to 3' during DNA replication?
Leading strand
What does the term 'codon' refer to in molecular biology?
A nucleic acid word made up of three nucleotide letters
Why does the lagging strand need to direct 5' to 3' synthesis during DNA replication?
To maintain antiparallelism with the leading strand
What is the main function of a primer in DNA replication?
To provide a starting point for DNA synthesis
The Central Dogma of molecular biology states that DNA is used to create actual objects like enzymes and structural proteins.
True
Genes are DNA sequences that encode lipids.
False
The genetic code is written in 2-letter words, with each coding for a particular amino acid.
False
There are 5 letters in the genetic code alphabet (A, T, G, C, U).
False
The Central Dogma represents the process by which genetic information is passed from parents to offspring.
True
A codon consists of 4 nucleotide letters.
False
The PRIMER needed to start a new DNA strand is made of RNA.
True
DNA Polymerase III catalyzes elongation of new DNA strands in eukaryotes.
False
The LEADING STRAND grows from 3' to 5' during DNA replication.
False
The LAGGING STRAND is parallel to the LEADING STRAND during DNA replication.
False
DNA nucleotides are added to the 5' end of the chain during DNA replication.
False
PRIMASES are responsible for forming Primers during DNA Replication.
True
Using 4 bases to code for amino acids would result in 16 possible combinations.
True
Pairing bases to code for amino acids would allow for 16 different combinations.
False
Using 3 bases to code for each amino acid allows for 64 combinations.
True
DNA replication is a conservative process where both parent strands are preserved in the new DNA molecules.
False
DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for bringing substrates to the DNA strand template during replication.
False
Helicases are enzymes that act at specific places called Replication Forks during DNA replication.
False
Test your knowledge on DNA replication and the Central Dogma in molecular biology. Explore the unidirectional flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins, and learn about exceptions such as retroviruses. Understand the process of gene expression and the creation of enzymes and structural proteins.
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