Biology: Introduction and Branches

Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms
It encompasses the structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy of all living things

Botany: study of plants
Zoology: study of animals
Microbiology: study of microorganisms
Ecology: study of interactions between organisms and their environment
Biochemistry: study of chemical processes that occur within living organisms
Molecular Biology: study of the structure and function of biomolecules
Genetics: study of heredity and variation
Evolutionary Biology: study of the evolution of species

Carbohydrates: provide energy and structure for cells
Proteins: perform a wide range of functions, including catalysis, transport, and structure
Lipids: provide energy and structure for cells
Nucleic Acids: contain genetic information (DNA and RNA)

Photosynthesis: process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
Respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose
Cell Division: process by which cells reproduce and grow
Homeostasis: ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment

Species: group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Speciation: process by which new species arise
Adaptation: process by which organisms become better suited to their environment
Phylogeny: study of the evolutionary history of organisms

Biology is the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

Botany studies plants, examining their structure, function, growth, and evolution.
Zoology focuses on animals, exploring their behavior, physiology, and evolution.
Microbiology delves into the world of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Ecology investigates the interactions between organisms and their environment, including the impact of human activity.
Biochemistry examines the chemical processes that occur within living organisms, including metabolism and energy production.
Molecular Biology analyzes the structure and function of biomolecules, such as DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Genetics explores heredity and variation, including the inheritance of traits and genetic disorders.
Evolutionary Biology studies the evolution of species, including the processes of adaptation and speciation.

Carbohydrates provide energy and structure for cells, serving as a source of fuel and building blocks for biomolecules.
Proteins perform a wide range of functions, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, transporting molecules, and maintaining cell structure.
Lipids supply energy and structure for cells, forming cell membranes and storing energy.
Nucleic Acids contain genetic information, with DNA and RNA serving as the blueprints for life.

The cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell, regulating the flow of materials in and out.
Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane, where many metabolic processes occur.
The nucleus contains the genetic material, protecting and organizing the DNA.
Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration, producing ATP.
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, where genetic information is translated into amino acid sequences.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen.
Respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose, releasing ATP and carbon dioxide.
Cell Division is the process by which cells reproduce and grow, involving the replication of DNA and the separation of chromosomes.
Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment, despite changes in external conditions.

A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, sharing a common gene pool.
Speciation is the process by which new species arise, often through geographic isolation or genetic drift.
Adaptation is the process by which organisms become better suited to their environment, increasing their chances of survival and reproduction.
Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary history of organisms, reconstructing their relationships and ancestral lineages.